Lysosome

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Lysosome

• Organelle contains digestive enzymes to digest
  macromolecules.
• Single membrane bound organelle
• The Golgi apparatus produces lysosomes by
  budding.
• Contains digestive enzymes synthesized in the
  rough endoplasmic reticulum

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• The digestive enzymes include
• lipase (digests lipids)
• Carbohydrases (digest carbohydrates)
• Proteases (digest proteins)
• Nucleases (digests nucleic acids)
• The pH inside a lysosome is 4.8 (cytoplasm is
  7.3)
• Lysosome membrane pumps H (ATPase) from
  cytoplasm into the vesicle to maintain low pH.

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• The lysosomes are used for the digestion of
  macromolecules from phagocytosis (ingestion of
  food),
• Cellular recycling process (where old components
  are continuously destroyed and replaced by new
  ones)
• Autophagy, or autophagocytosis programmed cell
  death (apoptosis)
• Illness caused by the malfunction of the
  lysosomes or one of their digestive proteins,
  e.g., Tay-Sachs disease or Pompe's disease

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Peroxisome
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• Single membrane bound organelle
• Not formed in the Gogli complex instead
  self-replicate by dividing
• Abundant in the liver
• Main function to detoxify cell by eliminating
  toxic hydrogen peroxide
• 4H2O2 ? 4H2O 2O2
• Chemical reaction catalyzed by the enzyme
  catalase

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• b-oxidation of long and very long chain fatty
  acids into acetyl groups
• bile acid synthesis
• cholesterol syntheis
• numerous genetic disorders associated with
  defects in the peroxisome