Metaphors result in Technology

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Metaphors result in Technology (?)

• Kees Doevendans
• Darmstadt, 22-03-02

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USO-Built

• Multi-disciplinary network
• a-, ß- and ?-sciences
• inter- or trans-disciplinary approach
• intentional, structural and functional dimension

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USO-Built as d

• d-science to interweave a-, ß- and ?-sciences
  and dimensions by design and research or even
• Research by Design?
• We are a d of different scientific cultures
• Next step a ß ? d S-science ?

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Science

• Modernity strong tendency to natural science
• Technology applied science
• Idealization of natural science generalization,
  rejection of case studies

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Counter tendency

• phenomenology vs natural science
• ideographic vs nomothetical
• intuition, instinct vs empirical
• Verstehen vs Erklären
• Imagination vs description
• Phronetic science

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Phronetic science

• Reflexive Modernity (Ulrich Beck)
• Hermeneutic and aesthetic reflexivity (Scott
  Lash)
• Phronesis H-G. Gadamer

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Phronesis

• Episteme Scientific knowledge. Universal,
  invariable, context-independent. Based on general
  analytical rationality.
• Techne Craft/art. Pragmatic, variable,
  context-dependent. Oriented toward production.
  Based on practical instrumental rationality
  governed by a conscious goal.
• Phronesis Ethics. Deliberation about values with
  reference to praxis. Pragmatic, variable,
  context-dependent. Oriented toward action. Based
  on practical value-rationality.

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Scientific development

• ß let us make a new measurement
• versus
• a let us find a new metaphor
• or
• natural sciences also based on metaphors?

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Narrative science

• John Milbank (1990)
• All science is narrative science,
• even natural science, so
• distinction between Verstehen and Erklaren is a
  mistake

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Language

• If science is narrative science, we have to do
  with language
• Problem of modernity to link speech and reality,
  speech and phenomenon
• Metaphor is instrument to bridge the gap
• Metaphor is kind of pre-scientific concept

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O.M. Ungers as example

• Morphologie - City Metaphors (1982)
• 1 Phenomenon
• 2 Metaphor
• 3 Naming of the phenomenon based on the metaphor

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Naming

• If you cannot name it, it does not exist
• Naming and Necessity (Saul Kripke) possibilism
  versus actualism
• Research by Design seen as creation of possible
  worlds, versus
• Phronetic science as actualism?

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Vidler as example root metaphors

• 1st typology nature - city as garden, urban
  designer as gardener - mimesis
• 2nd typology city is a machine, the root
  metaphor for functionalism
• 3th typology city is history - ontology,
  morphology
• 4th typology ?

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Burgess (1)

• The Growth of a City
• Natural science was key metaphor
• City is a living organism, a human body, a plant
  community

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Burgess (2)

• Rhetoric power to link the city to natural
  science
• Metaphor was general concept for cities
• Metaphor structured approach form and process

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Ontology of difference

• Nietzsche scientific concept is worn-out
  metaphor gt
• Crisis of (scientific) re-presentation gt
• Withdraw from, deconstruct the metaphor, see the
  between the phenomenon and the scientific object
  made of it gt
• Find new metaphors

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Metaphor Technology I

• Root metaphor
• The Heavenly Jerusalem bleuprint planning, man
  took Gods place (modernism)
• Babel disturbed culture (postmodernism)

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Metaphor Technology II

• Technology is applied natural science
• Natural science is based on metaphors

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Metaphor Technology IIIa

• Paradigms
• 20th Century Paradigm
• City as a living organism, city as machine were
  the key metaphors of 20th century urbanism
  organic modernism
• Grounded on this metaphors the functionalist
  paradigm was developed

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Metaphor Technology IIIb

• This paradigm became a technology in its
  post-paradigmatic period (finalized science)
• Finalized science, based on a worn-out metaphor
  accepted technology has lost its meaning
  postmodern technology?

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Metaphor Technology IV

• Technology Design
• Design design philosophy based on metaphors
• Deleuze / Guattari / Sap New metaphors, new
  ontology, new design philosophy Smooth -
  Striated Space, The Fold, Territory, Event,
  Plane, Rhizome, State etc.

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Paradigm shift New Metaphors

• City as history the city as artifact
• The city as text, palimpsest (narrative science!)
• The city is a landscape
• The city is a body without organs
• The city is not a tree, but a rhizome

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User-Orientation

• Combination of modes, dimensions
• IRU 1 Intentional - Structural
• IRU 2 Structural - Functional
• IRU 3 Functional - Intentional

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User-Orientation IRU 1

• Intentional mode Design of the User by
  Metaphors?
• The User The Other (the Flaneur, the Dandy, the
  Vagabond, the Citizen, the Cyborg, the Nomad, the
  Tourist.)
• Structural mode Phronetic Science?
• The Other in Context - the Post-Industrial
  Landscape