Communication Technology UAMG 3053

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Communication TechnologyUAMG 3053

• Week 2
• Development of the New Media

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Computer - Hardware

• Hardware - electronic and mechanical elements
• Memory Internal storage system and workplace.
• Random Access Memory (RAM) for rapid
  information storage and retrieval.
• Central Processing Unit (CPU) Microprocessor,
  the brain of a computer
• Expansion Boards for internal expansion cards
• Data Storage floppy disk, Zip disk, hard and
  removable disk drivers, CD, CD-ROMs, DVD.
• Monitor Display component
• VGA (640 x 480 resolution) and Super VGA (800 x
  600 resolution)
• CRT Monitor Cathode-ray tube where rays of
  electrons are beamed onto a phosphorescent screen
  to produce image.
• LCD Monitor - Liquid Crystal Display a display
  technology that relies on polarising filters and
  liquid crystal cells rather than phosphors
  illuminated by electron beams to produce an
  on-screen image.

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Computer- Software

• Software
• 1. Operating System (OS) software that manages
  the fundamental operation of the hardware.
• E.g. Windows XP by Microsoft, Mac OS by
  Macintosh
• 2. Database and Spreadsheet programs
• 3. Word Processing Programs
• 4. Web Browsers
• 5. Programming Languages
• 6. Graphics Programs
• 7. Image Editing Programs Final Cut
  Professional, i-Movie
• 8. Presentation Programs - Powerpoint

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Computer Cont.

• Local Area Networks (LAN)
• an information and communication system that can
  tie together a group of offices or other defined
  physical area.
• Enable to share system resources

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Conceptual Model of a Computer System
Operating System
Application
User
Hardware

• Basic Communication Model

Sender
Message
Receiver
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Computer Development Timeline

• 1945 - John von Neumann wrote "First Draft of a
  Report on the EDVAC" in which he outlined the
  architecture of a stored-program computer.
• ENIAC, a machine built by John Mauchly and J.
  Presper Eckert.
• 1981 - IBM introduced its PC, igniting a fast
  growth of the personal computer market. The first
  PC ran on a 4.77 MHz Intel 8088 microprocessor
  and used Microsofts MS-DOS operating system.
• 1981 - Adam Osborne completed the first portable
  computer, the Osborne I, which weighed 24 pounds
  and cost 1,795.

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Computer .

• 1983 - Apple introduced its Lisa. The first
  personal computer with a graphical user
  interface, its development was central in the
  move to such systems for personal computers.
• 1984 - Apple Computer launched the Macintosh, the
  first successful mouse-driven computer with a
  graphic user interface, with a single 1.5
  million commercial during the 1984 Super Bowl.
  Based on the Motorola 68000 microprocessor, the
  Macintosh included many of the Lisas features at
  a much more affordable price 2,500.

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Computer .

• 1984 - In his novel "Neuromancer," William Gibson
  coined the term "cyberspace." He also spawned a
  genre of fiction known as "cyberpunk" in his
  book, which described a dark, complex future
  filled with intelligent machines, computer
  viruses, and paranoia
• 2002 Apple introduced a new version of iMac
  multimedia computer and iBook multimedia
  computer.

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Software Development Timeline

• 1948 - Claude Shannons "The Mathematical Theory
  of Communication" showed engineers how to code
  data so they could check for accuracy after
  transmission between computers. Shannon
  identified the bit as the fundamental unit of
  data and, coincidentally, the basic unit of
  computation.
• 1953 - John Backus completed speedcoding for
  IBMs 701 computer. Although speedcoding demanded
  more memory and compute time, it trimmed weeks
  off of the programming schedule.
• 1956 - At MIT, researchers began experimentation
  on direct keyboard input on computers, a
  precursor to todays normal mode of operation.

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Software Development Timeline Cont.

• 1990 - Microsoft shipped Windows 3.0 on May 22.
  Compatible with DOS programs, the first
  successful version of Windows finally offered
  good enough performance to satisfy PC users.
• 1990 - Microsoft released Windows amid a 10
  million publicity blitz. In addition to making
  sure consumers knew about the product, Microsoft
  lined up a number of other applications ahead of
  time that ran under Windows 3.0, including
  versions of Microsoft Word and Microsoft Excel.
  As a result, PCs moved toward the user-friendly
  concepts of the Macintosh, making IBM and
  IBM-compatible computers more popular.

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The Internet

• A worldwide network of computer that grew out of
  ARPANET, a defense-related communication system
  developed in the 1960s (Severin).
• An almost worldwide network of computers enabling
  the transfer of data and creating a technological
  system which in turn supports a number of other
  technologies (sub-system) such as email, bulletin
  boards, internet relay chat and the web
  (Thurlow).
• A worldwide system of interconnected network,
  using the telecommunication infrastructure that
  now supports a large number of types
  computer-based communication exchanges (McQuail).

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The Characteristic of the Internet and World Wide
Web

• 1. An evolving network
• - new information pools become available as
  additional computers are linked to it.
• 2. Virtually eliminated geographical and
  time-based constraints.
• - information are available anytime, anywhere.
• 3. Decentralization entity.
• - a collection of independent computer system
  that no individual or organization own.

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The World Wide Web

• Developed initially as a means of scientific
  information exchange in the 1990s.
• A vast system of computer sites that can be
  visited by anyone with a browser program and a
  computer hooked up to the Internet (Severin).
• A system of computer servers connected through
  the Internet, and which supports the exchange of
  files (or web-pages) formatted mostly in a simple
  programming language known as HTML (HyperText
  Markup Language).
• The Web is a technology within a technology- it
  is just one part of the Internet.

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WWW .

• Web address are known as URL Uniform Resource
  Locators.
• Convergences in cyberspace Fewer things done on
  the Internet are not hosted in the Web email,
  bulletin boards.

Web
Internet
Web
Internet
Previously
Currently
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WWW.

• The web has provided users with a familiar and
  intuitive interface. PC owners are already
  familiar with GUIs and graphical browsers extend
  this metaphor to the Internet.
• The webs real-time interaction can save time.

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Connectivity, Interactivity, and Digital
Convergence

• Connectivity the ability to connect computers,
  telephones, and other devices to other computers,
  devices, and sources of information.
• Connectivity has made possible many kinds of
  activities
• 1. Email electronic mail
• 2. Telecommuting (work at home or home office)
• 3. Online shopping/ e-commerce
• 4. Databases A collection of electronically
  stored data.
• 5. Online service, networks, and the Internet.

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Connectivity, Interactivity.

• Interactivity the user is able to make an
  immediate response to what is going on and modify
  the process.
• It allows users to be active rather than passive
  participant.
• Example of interactive devices
• 1. Multimedia computers text, graphic,
  animation, video, music, and voice.
• 2. Internet appliances - WebTV, user can
  explore the web, send and receive email, and
  watch regular TV on the same time.

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Connectivity, Interactivity

• Digital Convergence the technological merger of
  several industries (computers, communications,
  consumer electronics, entertainment, and mass
  media) through various devices that exchange
  information in the digital format used by
  computers.
• E.g. WebTV, WinTV
• Technological convergence means that information
  can be communicated and shared among traditional
  (newspaper, television,)and new media
  (satellite, cable, Internet, cellular phone).

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Reading

• 1. Mirabito, M. M. Morgenstern, B. L. (2004).
  Chapter 3 and Chapter 17.
• 2. Thurlow, C., Lengel, L., Tomic, A. (2004).
  Unit 2, page 25-34
• 3. McLuhans and computer hand outs.

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References

1. Computer History and Timeline http//www.computerh
   istory.org/
2. Hutchinson S. Sawyer, S. (2001). Computers,
   communications, information A users
   introduction. New York McGraw-Hill.
3. McQuail, D. (2000). McQuails Mass Communication
   Theory. London Sage.
4. McLuhan, M. (1994). Understanding Media The
   extensions of man. London The MIT Press.
5. Mirabito, M. M. Morgenstern, B. L. (2004). The
   new communication technologies (5th ed). New
   York Focal Press.
6. Severin, W. J. Tankard, J. W. (2000).
   Communication Theories Origins, methods, and
   uses in the mass media. New York Longman.
7. Thurlow, C., Lengel, L., Tomic, A. (2004).
   Computer Mediated Communication Social
   interaction and the internet. London Sage.

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Tutorial Questions Week 4

• 1. What form of old medium or media does the
  computer resembles to? Why?
• 2. According to McLuhan, what is the
  characteristics if a hot medium and cool medium?
  Do you agree with it?
• 3. (a) Explain and give example of the
  characteristic of the Internet and the WWW.
• (b) Using the characteristic of the Internet
  and the WWW, explain the differences of the
  Internet from traditional mass media.
• 4. Using Marshall McLuhans concept of the
  medium is the message to explain a particular
  new media technology in communication. For
  example, the Internet.