History of Architecture 046 Week 01 Introduction

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History of Architecture 046Week 01 Introduction
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The Usefulness of History
The history of architecture is an important and
integral part of the THEORY of architecture the
understanding of one contributes to the
understanding of the other." Architects need a
"shared vocabulary" of works, concepts, etc. One
architect may say to another that a project
reminds of the Farnsworth House. Therefore it is
important to be aware of this and many other
significant projects in modern architectural
history.
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Isms in Architecture

• There are over 100 different movements in MODERN
  architectural history alone.
• Book THEORIES AND MANIFESTOES OF ARCHITECTURE.
• Architects tend to generate THEORIES and
  MANIFESTOES to justify their work.

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Modernism
MODERN MOVEMENT Not only an architectural
phenomenon, but came from many different cultural
sources, painting, literature, music, philosophy.
There was a great interaction between these
various fields. This movement began in the
late 19th century and reached its peak in the
period between 1910 and 1930. Rooted in the
idea that traditional forms of art, literature,
social organization and daily life had become
outdated and that it was therefore essential to
sweep them aside and reinvent culture. In
essence, the Modern Movement argued that the new
technological realities of the 20th century were
permanent and immanent, and that people should
adopt to their world view to accept that what was
new was also GOOD and BEAUTIFUL.
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Zeitgeist
Zeitgeist (german) noun The spirit, attitude,
general outlook of a specific time or period,
expecially as it is reflected in literature,
philosophy, etc. ETYMOLOGY German, literally
time spirit, time ghost
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Textbook

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• Who is Kenneth Frampton?
• a follower of the Frankfurt School
• Concept of Historical Materialism
• He is Ware Professor of Architecture at Columbia
  University.
• Born 1930
• Books Studies in Tectonic Culture, Essays in
  Architectural Criticism, Changing Ideals in
  Modern Architecture, Richard Meier, Modern
  Architecture (A Critical History) 1992 (the text)
  , Aalvar Aalto, Mies van der Rohe, Technology
  and Place , Tadao Ando, Le Corbusier, Rob Krier
• A major player in the current architectural field
  of criticism.
• Graduated from the Architectural Association
  (London in 1956)?
• RIBA 1957
• ACSA Topaz Medal for excellence in architectural
  education 1990

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Textbook

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Optional Textbook

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The History of Modern Architecture
Modern architecture proper started in the
period after World War I, and has continued
through the 70s. There are still architects and
critics who follow it in more or less pure form
today. Modernism has roots going back to the
Enlightenment in the 18th century. During this
period, REASON was celebrated as the ultimate
basis of authority. This class covers the period
from 1800 to approx. 1945.
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Course Outline

• Introduction
• Neoclassical Roots
• Engineering and Rationalism
• Jefferson, Victorianism , Streamlining
• Arts and Crafts
• Mackintosh, Gaudi, Adler and Sullivan
• Frank Lloyd Wright Art Nouveau
• Bauhaus
• Mies, Gropius

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Course Outline Part 2

• De Stijl, Le Corbusier
• Mies Russian Constructivism
• Le Corbusier, Mies, Wright
• Italian Rationalism Brutalism
• Scandinavia Aalto
• Review and Discuss
• Final Exam

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Pruitt Igoe 1
Pruitt-Igoe Housing. St. Louis. Minoru Yamasaki
Architect.
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Pruitt Igoe 2
Pruitt-Igoe Housing. St. Louis. Minoru Yamasaki
Architect.
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Pruitt Igoe 3
Pruitt-Igoe Housing. St. Louis. Minoru Yamasaki
Architect.
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Pruitt Igoe 4
Pruitt-Igoe Housing. St. Louis. Minoru Yamasaki
Architect.
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911
World Trade Center. New York. Minoru Yamasaki
Architect.
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Minoru Yamasaki
Time Magazine. 1963
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Minoru Yamasaki
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Interior View of Unite dHabitation.
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Unite dHabitation.
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Pruitt-Igoe, Unite (interior views side by side)?
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Le Corbusier City Planning Concept 1922.
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Week 2 Architecture for RevolutionNeoclassical
Developments
Piranesi Boullee Ledoux Lequeu English vs French
Approach to Neoclassicism Theory of Types in
Architecture Schinkel

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Week 2 Architecture for RevolutionNeoclassical
Developments

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Week 3 Structural Engineering and Rationalism
Iron Industry Developments Evolution of Bridge
Engineering in Iron Relationship to Railroad
Development Crystal Palace Paxton Thomas
Telford Brooklyn Bridge John Roebling Split
between Architecture and Engineering
Widens Philosophical Underpinning of
Rationalism Eiffel Tower The Cement Age -
Hennebique Viollet-le-Duc Frank Lloyd Wright
early use of Concrete

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Week 4 An American Architecture Thomas
JeffersonVictorianism H.H. Richardson
Jeffersons Classicism University of Virginia
Campus Design Virginia Statehouse Development of
Washington D.C. Benjamin Latrobe The Roman Idiom
Instrument of Progress The Industrial Revolution
and Victorianism H.H. Richardson
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Week 4 - Victorianism and the Triumph of the
SuperficialH.H. Richardson
Period of reign of Queen Victoria 1837
1901 Height of INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION in Britain
and apex of British Empire. Gothic Revival
Movement in Architecture Mechanization Takes
Command Sigfried Giedion Growth of
Railways Steam Press Mass Market for Pulp
Fiction Cinema H.H. Richardson
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Week 5 Arts and Crafts Movement Guimard,
Horta, Gaudi Futurism Adolf Loos
William Morris Ruskin English Free Architecture
Movement Voysey Futurism Sant Elia Marinetti Adol
f Loos Ornament is Crime
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Week 6 Mackintosh , the Glasgow SchoolAdler
and Sullivan / Chicago SchoolFrank Lloyd Wright
Charles Rennie Mackintosh The Glasgow
School Adler Sullivan Frank Lloyd Wrights Early
Work
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LouLouis Sullivan Gage Building Chicago
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LouHill HHill House Charles Rennie Mackintosh
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Week 7 German Developments Van de
VeldeGarnier Perret
Olbrich Hoffmann Wagner Van de Velde Tony Garnier
and the Cite Industrielle Auguste Perret
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Week 8 Werkbund and German Expressionism
Werkbund Peter Behrens and AEG Philosophical
Underpinnings of Expressionism Bruno
Taut Architecture of the Spirit
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Week 09 Bauhaus
Walter Gropius Relationship to Cubism Peter
Behrens (?)? Bauhaus Industrial Design Bauhaus
Costume Design
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Week 10 Gropius and BauhausThe New Objectivity
New Scientific Spirit Hannes Meyer
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Week 10 Gropius and BauhausThe New Objectivity
WeissWeissenhofseidlung JJP Oud
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Week 11 De Stijl. Le Corbusier
Piet Mondrian Gerrit Rietveld Neo-Plasticism Le
Corbusier Esprit Nouveau (New
Spirit)? Regulating Lines Golden Section Machine
Aesthetic of Purism Grounded in Neo-Platonic
Philosophy Maison Domino Villa Stein at
Garche Five Points Villa Savoye
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Week 12 Mies van der Rohe Soviet Union Le
Corbusier
Mies Van der Rohe Russian Constuctivism Tatlin El
Lissitzsky Melnikov Le Corbusier and the Heroic
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Mies van der Rohe
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Mies van der Rohe
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Mies van der Rohe
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Mies van der Rohe
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Tatlin
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Week 13 Italian Rationalism Brutalism
AaltoSaarinen
Guiseppe Terragni Casa del Fascio Danteum Brutalis
m Alvaar Aalto Eliel Saarinen Art Deco in the
U.S.
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Week 14 International Style

Neutra Schindler Niemeyer Kenzo Tange Modernist
Urbanism CIAM Team X Alison and Peter
Smithson
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