Reconstruction 18631877

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Reconstruction 1863-1877

• Chapter 17

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Abraham Lincoln 1861-1865
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Lincolns plan for reconstruction

• 1862- encouraged freedpeople to leave
• - many object
• 12-8-63,Lincoln issues reconstruction plan
• - oath / 10 state readmitted
• Why did this plan angered many republicans?

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Lincolns plan for reconstruction(continue)

• Wade-Davis reconstruction bill
• - Lincoln vetoes bill
• - assassinated (4-14-65) before announcing new
  reconstruction policy

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President Andrew Johnson(1865-1869)

• Treason is a crimetraitors must not only be
  punished, but their social power must be
  destroyed.

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Andrew Johnson Reconstruction

• Johnson as Lincolns running mate (1864)
• - democrat (TN) / supported Union
• Johnson as President
• - blanket amnesty
• What did Republicans believed Johnson wanted to
  restore?

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Black Codes (1865)

• Black Codes enacted in state govts
• - rights plummeted for 4 million freed slaves
• - reduced freedmen to a condition close to
  slavery

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The Freedmens Bureau
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The Freedmens Bureau

• Created by Congress 03/1865
• - overseer in relation between former slaves
  owners
• - ensure payment / distributed food
• - Souths economy sharecropping
• Bureau helped ensure education for former slaves
• - What did this reduce for many freedmen?

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Johnsons heavy hand

• Vetoes on Congressional Legislation
• - bill to extend life of Freedmans Bureau
• - Civil Rights bill- defined freedpeople as
  citizens w/ equal rights
• Congress in response
• - overrides vetoes
• - passed 14th Amendment (1868)
• - prohibits states from denying any person
  equal protection of the laws (A8)

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Impeachment of Andrew Johnson

• Tenure of Office Act (1867)
• - required Senate approval before the president
  could remove a cabinet member
• Johnson removed secretary of war Edwin Stanton
  (Feb 1868)

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Impeachment (continue)

• Congressional response
• - House voted for impeachment (126-47)
• - long Senate trial favored Johnson
• Constitution Treason, bribery, High Crimes
• Real reason for impeachment
• Was Johnson removed from office?

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Completion of Reconstruction

• Constitutional Conventions met in the South
  (1867-68)
• - ¾ of delegates were of Republican party
• - 30 were African American
• States must follow 14th 15th amendment to be
  reinstated into Union (A12)
• - universal male suffrage / schools

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Presidential Election of 1868

• Ulysses Grant
• Grant Campaigned as War hero anti-Johnson
• - What was Grants slogan?
• - denounced KKK in south
• - won African American votes
• Grant won electoral college 214-80

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Nathan Bedford Forrest

• One of the Souths most highly regarded
  Confederate general
• founder of the?

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Problems with the Klu Klux Klan

• Organized to suppress republican party
• - terrorize African Americans
• - burning crosses, schools homes

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Grants response to KKK

• Congressional response (1870-71)
• - 3 laws enforcing 14 15th amend
• - KKK act
• - Grant goes after Klan
• 1. 3,000 indicted / 600 convicted
• Measures broke Klans back for the 1872 election
• Congress passed Civil Rights Act of 1875

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The Grant Administration (1869-77)

• Presidency damaged by poor judgment scandals
  (unwise appointments)
• - no political experience / very trustworthy
• - sec of war impeached for selling jobs
• Presidency branded as a failure

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Retreat from reconstruction

• MS, LA, Fl, NC remain republican
• Grants use of KKK act in La
• - bayonet rule
• - MS plan (p 458)
• - supreme court ruling (U.S. v. Reese)
• - declared CRA of 1875 unconstitutional
• Elections of 1875 /south goes democratic

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Republican Rutherford Hayes elected president in
1877
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End of Reconstruction

• Disputed election results
• Presidents plans to end reconstruction
• - rebuild south withdraw federal troops
• Compromise of 1877
• - leave southern states to deal w/ problems
• - removal of fed troops / aid / appointment
• - ended reconstruction
• Highlights of reconstruction
• - restore union / ended slavery