The Cell

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The Cell
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You are made of trillions of cell.
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As we study cells, remember this important truth
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If your cells arent happy, YOU arent going to
be happy!
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The cell is the basic unit of life.
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Cells are classified into two main groups.
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The first group are prokaryotic cells.
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Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus.
They have a nucleoid (resembles a nucleus).
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They are very small and simple cells.
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Prokaryotic cells are single-celled organisms.
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Some examples of prokaryotic cells
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Bacteria (Kingdom Monera)
Source greenfacts.org
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Prokaryotic cells resemble the earliest cells
found on Earth.
Source Discover West Tours, Australia
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The second group are eukaryotic cells.
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Eukaryotic cells are very complex.
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They are much larger than prokaryote cells.
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Eukaryotes can be either single- or multi-celled.
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They also have organelles (little organs).
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Examples include
Plant cells
Animal cells
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How did we learn about the cell?
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Robert Hooke discovers the cell in 1678
Robert Hooke(?) Source University of St. Andrews
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Anton van Leeuwenhoek
Source University of California Paleontology
Museum
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Anton van Leeuwenhoek
Greatly improved the microscope (1680).
Discovered microorganisms.
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Matthias Schleiden
Plants are made of cells (1838).
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Theodor Schwann
Animals are made of cells (1839).
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Rudolph Virchow
Cells can only come from other living cells.
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Schleiden, Schwann, and Virchows work lead to
the development of cell theory.
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Cell Theory
All living things are made of cells.
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Cell Theory
Cells are the basic unit of life.
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Cell Theory
Living cells can only come from other living
cells.
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Structure of the cell
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A cell is made of organelles.
(Organelle little organ. )
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Each organelle has a special function that keeps
the cell running.
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Nucleus
The nucleus is the brain of the cell.
It controls what everything that happens in a
cell.
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Cell Membrane
It is the gateway of the cell.
It controls what goes into and out of the cell.
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Cell Membrane
Controlling what goes in and out of the cell is
called Selective Permeability.
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Organelle responsible for digestion.
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Lysosome
Contains enzymes that help break down chemicals
into forms that can be used by the cell.
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Organelles that manufacture
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Smooth ER (Endoplasmic Reticulum)
Manufactures lipids (fats) and other products
needed by the cell.
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Golgi Body
Manufactures lysosomes.
Manufactures other complex molecules and packages
them in vesicles.
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Nucleolus
Located in the nucleus.
Responsible for the manufacture of ribosomes.
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Ribosomes
Manufacture proteins needs by the cell.
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Organelles that provide power
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Mitochondria
Takes nutrients and provides energy for the cell.
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Organelles that provide power and are found only
in plant cells
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Chloroplasts
The food producer for the plant cell.
Takes water, CO2, and sunlight to produce sugar
(food) and O2 as a waste product.
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Organelles that provide power support
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Cell Membrane
Surrounds the cell and helps maintain the shape
of the cell.
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Cytoplasm
Helps the cell keep its shape and protects the
cell.
Cell organelles are found in the cytoplasm.
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Cytoskeleton
Provides physical structure to the cell.
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Organelles that provide support and are found
only in plant cells
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Cell Wall
Stiff outer wall that provides support,
structure, and protection to the plant cell.
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Central Vacuole
A large vacuole in the plant cell.
Provides extra support and structure to the cell.
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Organelles that provide storage
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Golgi Body
Stores molecules necessary to make lysosomes and
vesicles.
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Lysosome
Stores enzymes necessary to digest food,
breakdown waste, and break down old organelles
and dead cells.
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Smooth ER
Stores steroids and other chemicals the cell will
need at a later time.
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Vacuole
Storage bubbles that can store food, chemicals,
and water products.
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Organelles that provide power transportation
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Rough E.R.
Transports ribosomes (attached to the rough E.R.)
around the cell.
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Organelles that provide waste removal
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Lysosome
Breaks down waste products.
Called the suicide organelle because it
destroys a dying cell.
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And thats cell basics.