THE BIG THREE

1
THE BIG THREE

• FLOODS, SEVERE WINDSTORMS, AND EARTHQUAKES

2
FLOODS

• CAUSES OF DAMAGE
• AND
• CATASTROPHIC LOSSES

3
CAUSES OF DAMAGE
BUILDING IN FLOOD PLAIN
INUNDATION AND SCOUR
INTERACTION WITH HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
EFFECTS OF WATER ON STRUCTURE CONTENTS
FLOODS
INCREASED POTENTIAL FOR HEALTH PROBLEMS,
INJURIES, AND DEATH
CASE HISTORIES
LOSS OF FUNCTION OF CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE
VULNERABILITY OF NON-STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS
4
SEVERE WINDSTORMS

• CAUSES OF DAMAGE
• AND
• CATASTROPHIC LOSSES

5
CAUSES OF DAMAGE
WIND PENETRATES BUILDING ENVELOPE
UPLIFT OF ROOF SYSTEM
FLYING DEBRIS PENETRATES WINDOWS
STORM SURGE AND FLOODING
SEVERE WINDSTORMS
IRREGULARITIES IN ELEVATION AND PLAN
CASE HISTORIES
POOR WORKMANSHIP
IGNORING NON-STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS
6
EARTHQUAKES

• CAUSES OF DAMAGE
• AND
• CATASTROPHIC LOSSES

7
CAUSES OF DAMAGE
INADEQUATE RESISTANCE TO HORIZONTAL GROUND SHAKING
SOIL AMPLIFICATION
PERMANENT DISPLACEMENT (SURFACE FAULTING GROUND
FAILURE)
IRREGULARITIES IN ELEVATION AND PLAN
EARTHQUAKES
TSUNAMI WAVE RUNUP
CASE HISTORIES
POOR DETAILING DURING CONSTRUCTION
IGNORING NON-STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS AND TORQUE