Assessment 1

1
Assessment - 1

• Central question Are we measuring and changing
  the correct behaviors?
• Correctbehaviors that impact injury rates
• Continuous process, must conduct assessment every
  few years, as injuries change.
• Must be data-based and scientific
• List as many different sources of assessment data
  as possible

2
Sources of assessment data

• Injury reports
• Empl/managers/supervisors, interviews
• Observations
• Existing policies for safety
• Publications in field
• Insurance claims/cost data by injury type
• Process mapping of safety operations (Rummler
  Brache, 1995)
• Survey employees

3
Objectives of Assessment

• Identify existing efforts and develop a plan to
  build on those efforts
• Incorporate input from key personnel
• Identify high risk areas and activities
• Identify training needs
• Identify potential design teams members
• Build support for implementation

4
Steps in Assessment

• Review safety data
• Conduct interviews
• Observe safety meetings, safety audits, and
  safety practices in work areas
• Analyze information and develop an improvement
  plan
• Make the final report and presentation

5
Assessment - 2 - What?

• List (from industry client)
• Injury data, first aid data just reporting
• Equipment manufacturer data/recs
• Near miss data and informal discussions
• Job Safety Analyses Job Safety Observations
  hygeine and environ. Audits
• Interviews with employees and management
• Behavioral observations
• Solicit suggestions from visitors and employees
  (at least for buy-in)

6
Assessment - 3 - Interviews

• Who should be interviewed?
• A diagonal cross section, sample that
  represents the whole organization
• Never include superiors in the same room as
  subordinates
• Results should indicate how safety is perceived
  within the organization.
• Practice List potential questions that should
  be asked in the interview.

7
Potential Questions for Interview

• Here are the injuries, summarized
• Is there any part of your job where you feel
  unsafe?
• Have you ever witnessed an injury (or been
  injured?)
• Do you have all of the tools you need to do your
  job safely?

8
Assessment - 4 - Interviews

• Answers should be precise, so you might have to
  ask for clarification.
• Steps involved in the interview session
• Thank people for being there
• Remind them that nothing leaves the room (from
  you or them) no names used
• You may not ask all questions, use follow-ups
  when appropriate
• Take notes generate a fix-it list if possible
• Summarize notes immediately afterward
• For your report, summarize responses in bar
  graphs, if possible, for each question.

9
Summary Injury Data

• Summarize by
• Injury type
• Body part injured
• Time of day of injury
• Costs of injuries
• Location of injury (department, job, activity)
• Drill down into the top 2-3 in each category by
  summarizing each of the top 2-3 in its own chart.
• Patterns become clear.

10
(No Transcript)
11
(No Transcript)
12
(No Transcript)
13
Management Overview Design Team Workshop

• Get buy-in from management and design team
• Let management know how to support the process
• Building understanding before you train in great
  detail on procedures

14
Effects of Observing Others

• Participants
• Undergraduate psychology students
• Setting
• Simulated office environment
• Observation room outfitted with a desk, desktop
  computer, adjustable chair, adjustable keyboard,
  and document holder
• Participants engaged in typical office tasks
  (i.e., transcription answering calls light
  lifting)

15
Observing Others

• Dependent variables
• Various postural behaviors
• Collected by video camera, visible in room
• Independent Variables
• Baseline no Tx
• Information ppts read behavioral definitions of
  targets told targets were being observed.
• Observation ppts observed and evaluated safety
  behavior of confederate on video.

16
Observing Others
From Alvero, A. M., Austin, J. (2004). The
effects of conducting behavioral observations on
the behavior of the observer. Journal of
Applied Behavior Analysis, 37, 457-468.