ALTERNATIVE AUTOMOBILE ENERGY SOURCES

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ALTERNATIVE AUTOMOBILE ENERGY SOURCES

• SAMUEL OTTO HALFMAN, EDWARD JOSEPH JENKINS,
• KATHERINE AILEEN LOWERY,
• MATEO NORMAN VILLA

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Hydrogen Fuel Hybrid Vehicles Cell Vehicles
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FUEL CELL VEHICLES

• Fuel cells have been highly publicized
• There is not a great public understanding of fuel
  cells
• Fuel cells are touted as a miracle energy source
• There are environmental concerns about fuel cell
  vehicles

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How does a fuel cell work?

• In a regular battery, stored chemicals are turned
  into electricity. When the chemicals run out,
  the battery is dead.
• In a fuel cell, hydrogen and oxygen are converted
  into water, producing electricity.
• A fuel cell has a constant flow of chemicals, so
  it doesnt go dead its more efficient!

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Problems With Fuel Cell Cars

• A great deal of energy is needed to produce
  hydrogen for fuel cells
• Release of water can accelerate ozone depletion
• Fuel cell technology is not an immediate solution
• Hybrid vehicles are a more realistic solution at
  this time

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Hybrid Cars

• How Do They Work?
• The Concept
• The Parts
• The Funtion

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The Concept of a Hybrid

• Both electric and gasoline engine
• Gasoline engine turns off unless it is needed
• Braking recharges the battery
• Removes need for plug-ins

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The Parts

• The Electric Engine
• The Gasoline Engine
• The Generator
• Battery

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Function

• http//auto.howstuffworks.com/hybrid-car2.html

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Pros and Cons of Hybrid Cars

• Air Pollution
• Reduce smog by 90 compared with the cleanest
  conventional vehicles on the road today
• Toyota Prius- achieves a 90 reduction in
  smog-forming pollutants over the current national
  average
• However, Hybrids will never be true 0-emission
  vehicles because of their internal combustion
  engine

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Pros and Cons (Cont.)

• Global-Warming Pollution
• Consume less fuel than vehicles powered by gas
• The 1st Hybrid electric cars cut Global-Warming
  Pollution down 1/3 to ½
• Later models will cut Global Warming emissions
  even more
• The only downside once again is its internal
  combustion engine

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Pros and Cons (Cont.)

• Cost
• A Toyota Prius ranges from 24-26,000
• Federal tax deduction of 2,000
• Some states may provide incentives or tax credits
  to encourage the purchase of Hybrid vehicles

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Pros and Cons (Cont.)

• Performance and Range
• By combining gas and electricity, Hybrids will
  have equal or greater range than traditional
  combustion engines
• Honda Insight- 700mi on a single tank
• Toyota Prius-45 mpg (highway) 52mpg (city)

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Pros and Cons (Cont.)

• Market Availability
• 3 Hybrid Cars available today
• 2 Seat Honda Insight
• 5 Seat Toyota Prius
• 5 Seat Honda Civic
• Hybrid SUVs
• Toyota Highlander (July 2005)
• Lexus RX 400h (June 2005)

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Toyota Prius

• 4 month waiting list
• Cost 24,000-26,000
• Average gas mileage is approximately 56 miles per
  gallon

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Bibliography - websites

• http//auto.howstuffworks.com/hybrid-car1.htm
• http//www.care2.com/channels/ecoinfo/hybrid
• http//www.cnn.com/2004/TECH/05/04/hybrid.rescues.
  ap/
• http//www.eere.energy.gov/hydrogenandfuelcells/
• http//www.fuelcells.org/
• http//science.howstuffworks.com/fuel-cell.htm
• http//auto.howstuffworks.com/hybrid-car.htm
• http//eartheasy.com/live_hybrid_cars.htm
• http//www.hybridcars.com/
• http//www.dri.edu/Projects/Energy/
• http//www.dri.edu/Projects/Energy/
• http//www.hydrogen.org/index-e.html
• http//www.nrel.gov/vehiclesandfuels/hev/
• http//hybridcars.tblog.com/

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Bibliography (cont.)

• Scott Brennan, Jay Withgott. Environment The
  Science Behind the Stories. Pearson Education
  Inc., Benjamin Cummings.
• Palmeiro Toyota Dealership, Meadville PA. Sales
  Rep Sandy.
• Sams Prius