Chapter 21 and Eyes on the Prize Review

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Chapter 21 and Eyes on the Prize Review

• The Civil Rights Movement
• 1960-1968

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Objectives

• Analyze Eyes on the Prize and use Chapter 21 in
  your textbook to identify civil rights
  organizations with their leaders and strategies.
• Identify those opposed to civil rights and their
  strategies (obstacles)
• Identify government action taken toward civil
  rights legislation (accomplishments)

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Civil Rights Goals

• Legal equality
• Desegregate or integrate
• Equal voting opportunity
• Equal opportunity

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Civil Rights Groups

• NAACP National Association for the Advancement
  of Colored People

CORE Congress of Racial Equality
SCLC Southern Christian Leadership Conference
SNCC Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee
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NAACP

• Leaders W.E.B. Dubois

Goals promote legal equality, remove voting
obstacles and end lynching
Strategies use the court system and be
interracial
Notes One of oldest CR organizations founded in
1910. They have their own magazine called
Crisis.. Appealed primarily to middle and
upper class African Americans
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NAACP
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CORE

• Leaders James Farmer

Goals end segregation, peaceful change
Strategies Peaceful confrontation through
organized demonstrations. Sit-ins. Interracial.
Freedom Rides. Founded in 1942
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CORE
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SCLC

• Leaders MLK Southern clergymen

Goals Shift focus of Civil Rights Movement to
the South. Morally oppose segregation
Strategies Boycotts, nonviolent protests
Notes Founded in 1957 by MLK. Montgomery Bus
Boycott. Influenced by Gandhi. Non-cooperation
with evil
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SCLC
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SNCC

• Leaders Ella Baker, Rob Moses, Todd Gitlin,
  Stokely Carmichael

Goals Attract young African Americans by giving
them a large role, shift away from Church and
SCLC
Strategies Sit-ins and under Carmichael, use
militant measures to achieve immediate change
Notes Ella Baker shifted away from SCLC.
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SNCC
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Nonviolent Confrontation

• CORE created the sit-in which brought an end to
  segregation in the facilities it targeted

CORE organized the Freedom Rides with the aid of
SNCC. End segregation on interstate buses.
Aimed at South but much violence
Robert Kennedy assigned federal marshals to
protect Freedom Riders
Albany movement began a year long campaign of
protest marches to demand desegregation of bus
terminals. Albany police chief used tactic of
nonviolent opposition to protestors and hid CR
violations from press. Movement fizzled out
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Freedom Riders
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Nonviolent Confrontation continued

• James Meredith enters University of Mississippi
  w/ help from Supreme Court Kennedy

Birmingham Confrontation Bull Connor and
violence on TV. Win for protestors. Desegregate
public facilities, fair hiring practices .
Freedom Summer 1964 Freedom Rides and get
African Americans to register to vote
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Political Response

• Kennedy at first didnt want to do anything but
  violence on TV made him push a CR Bill

Kennedy helped MLK in Birmingham which probably
helped him win the election
MLK and March on Washington in 1963 with I Have
A Dream
LBJ passed Civil Rights Act of 1964 banned
discrimination in all public accommodations.
Equal Opportunity Provision
LBJ passes Voting Rights Act of 1965 cant stop
people from registering to vote
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The Challenge of Black Power

• People impatient with pace of change

James Baldwin author who attacked de jure de
facto discrimination. Expect violence
Malcolm X spokesperson for Nation of Islam
founded by Elijah Muhammad. Originally believed
in separation of blacks and whites but changed
his mind became more like MLK after pilgrimage
to Mecca.
Stokely Carmichael takes SNCC in violent
direction and tells them to use guns to Protect
themselves
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The Challenge of Black Powercontinued

• Carmichaels idea of Black Power wanted Af Am to
  have racial pride and advocated economic
  political power for all Af. Am.

Black Power led to Black is Beautiful and the
Black Panthers. Black Panthers wanted Af Am to
lead their own communities and wanted the
federal government to rebuild the nations
ghettos. They had a softer side like day care
health facilities
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Those Opposed to Civil Rights

• Governor Faubus of Arkansas Schools
• Montgomery Alabama Bus boycott
• Emitt Tills murderers
• Senator Eastland Of Mississippi no S.C.
• Albany not successful