PostCold War Period

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Post-Cold War Period
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The Persian Gulf War

• Saddam Hussein, dictator of Iraq
• Iraq invaded its wealthy neighbor Kuwait on
  August 2, 1990 because of an oil dispute.
• The U.S. dispatched troops to Saudi Arabia to
  prevent Iraq expansion.
• Desert Shield
• The U.N. authorized the use of force to dislodge
  Iraq from Kuwait.
• By January 1991, George Bush had put together a
  28 nation coalition

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The Gulf War

• Operation Desert Storm
• Air attack began on January 17 against Baghdad
• Ground attack began on February 24 and lasted
  only 4 days
• Cease fire on February 28
• Saddam Hussein remained in power.
• Continued economic sanctions

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Recession and Downsizing

• The former Cold War Rivals began the process of
  downsizing the military.
• Private businesses also began restructuring and
  downsizing
• Economic recession
• Increased inflation and unemployment and
  decreased production.
• The recession would be short and self-correcting.
• Peace dividend
• The economic situation improved by 1996.

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Unleashing Globalization

• The end of the Cold War removed many impediments
  to globalization.
• With many of the political and ideological
  obstacles to international integration
  dissolving, capital, commodities, people, and
  culture crossed borders with ever-greater
  freedom.
• Tariffs and immigration laws changed.

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Trade Integration

• East Asia
• China went from 5 to 12 percent of the worlds
  GDP
• Singapore, Taiwan, South Korea, and Hong Kong
  became mini-powerhouses
• Over 25 percent by 1989
• North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
  (1993)
• U.S., Mexico, and Canada
• Maastricht Treaty (1991)
• The constitution for the European Union, which
  was to be a fully integrated trading and
  financial bloc
• Single European Currency (the euro)

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Israeli-Palestinian Arab Conflict

• The Palestinian Authority led by Yasir Arafat
• Israel led by Yitzhak Rabin
• Oslo Agreements (1993-94)
• Series of withdrawals by the Israelis and the
  turnover of land to the Palestinian Authority
• Palestinian self-rule in the Gaza Strip and the
  West Bank.

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Israeli-Palestinian Arab Conflict

• Unresolved issues
• Status of Jerusalem
• Both claimed sovereignty over Jerusalem.
• Security issues
• Control of water resources
• Ultimate status of the Palestinian entity
• Palestinians believed the process would lead to
  complete independence.
• Israeli Prime Minister Rabin assassinated in
  1995.
• Sporadic violence on both sides continues.

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Yugoslavian Turmoil (The Balkans)

• Ethnic and religious conflicts in Bosnia and
  Croatia
• Orthodox Serbs, Catholic Croats, and Bosnian or
  Albanian Muslims
• Ethnic Cleansing
• Dayton Accord (1995)
• NATO and Peacekeeping mission.
• Intervention in Kosovo
• Muslim Albanians outnumbered Serbs.
• Yugoslav President Slobodan Milosevic asserted
  Serbian control through martial law.
• NATO launched air strikes in 1999.
• Milosevic resigned in 2000.

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Post-Cold War Shifts in Political Power (Move to
Center)

• U.S. (1992)
• Republican George Bush is defeated by Democrat
  Bill Clinton
• France (1995)
• Neo-Gaullist Jacques Chirac was elected to
  replace the socialist Mitterrand.
• Great Britain (1997)
• Conservative John Major defeated by the Labour
  Party and Tony Blair
• Germany (1998)
• Social Democrat Gerhard Schroder was elected to
  replace Helmut Kohls more conservative party.
• Schroder and Blair moved their nations to the
  political center by advocating a Third Way
  between socialism and capitalism
• Russia (2000)
• Vladimir Putin wins in 2000 after Yeltsin resigns