An Overview of HS

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An Overview of HSE Issues for CCS

• Tim Hill Vice-chair CCSA
• Group Head Environmental Modelling
• Power Technology
• E.ON UK

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Content

• Overview CCSA
• Context CCS in the UK
• What are the issues for HSE?
• Existing experience
• Areas for development

3
Officers of the CCSA

• President Lord Ron Oxburgh
• Chairman Gardiner Hill, BP
• Vice Chairs Tim Hill, E.ON UK
• Peter Whitton, Progressive Energy
• CEO Jeff Chapman
• Co. Secretary David Green OBE
• Head of Marketing Emma Penney

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Founder Members

• Air Products
• Alstom Power
• AMEC
• BP
• ConocoPhillips
• E-ON

• Mitsui Babcock
• Progressive Energy
• Schlumberger
• Scottish Southern Energy
• Shell

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New Members

• BG Group
• BGS
• BOC
• Chevron
• Climate Change Capital
• Coal Authority
• Denton Wilde Sapte
• DNV
• Drax Power
• ERM
• Herbert Smith

• Independent Resources
• Linklaters
• Nexen Exploration
• Norton Rose
• PWC
• Renew Tees Valley
• Rio Tinto
• RWE
• Scottish Ctre for Carbon Storage
• Statoil
• Watson Farley Williams

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What is the CCSA?

• It is
• A Business Association formed in the UK to
  represent the interests of its members in the
  development of business in geo-CCS wherever
  opportunities may exist.

• It is not
• A technical forum, a professional institute or an
  environmental or climate campaign group.

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Work Streams

• Public Perception
• Regulatory
• Incentives
• Project Technical

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Summary of activities

• Recognise CCS in EU ETS
• Establish MV protocol
• Establish licensing procedures
• Ensure capacity in New Entrant Reserve
• Meanwhile establish CDM position methodology
• Bridging incentives for early projects
• Health, Safety Environment

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CO2 Capture, Transportation and Storage
CAPTURE
Transportation
Well Injection Storage
Pipeline Ship Lorry
Power Plant H2 plant HC streams Chemical
Industry IS, cement
Offshore Onshore HC reservoirs Saline Aquifers
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CO2 Capture, Transportation and Storage
CAPTURE
Transportation
Well Injection Storage
CO2 100 bar in pipe SC phase Rail/Road/Ship CO2
liquid Some impurities
Physical Chemical Impurities 1-50 bar Chemicals
100 bar Injection Offshore Onshore
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Proposed UK Projects

• Pre-combustion capture from gas in a 450MWe
  project at Peterhead by SSE/BP and others
• Pre-combustion capture from coal in an 800MWe
  IGCC by Progressive Energy at Teesside
• 450MWe precombustion capture project by E.ON at
  Killingholme, Humberside.
• Post-combustion or oxyfuel capture from coal by
  RWE in a 1000Mwe project at Tilbury
• A 500MWe supercritical capture ready retrofit by
  Scottish Southern Energy at Ferrybridge

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CO2 v Nat Gas in NTS

• NG pressure up to 86 bar, CO2 70 -140 bar
• Density CO2 700 kg/m3
• In 2004 - 81 Mt NG transported, 334k t/day
• 8600 km NTS pipework
• 500 MW power plant 1-2 CO2 Mt pa
• 50 500 km pipelines ( few to 200 km onshore )
• Current NTS transports a mass roughly same as
  that that could be captured from all power plant

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Whats new about CCS?

• Big volumes CO2 produced on land and transported
  long distances
• Integrating chemical power plant
• Large volumes of some chemicals
• Handling high pressure supercritical CO2
• Permanent storage of large volumes of CO2
• Requires a new infrastructure

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What experience is there already?

• Capture of CO2 from flue gas / nat gas
• Large scale CO2 pipeline transportation US
  3000 km
• Injection CO2 1Mt pa , Sleipner, In Salah, US
  40 Mt pa
• CO2 in nat gas, considerable operating
  experience - well control, blowouts, corrosion
  issues
• Handling of amines and other capture chemicals

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Standards

• UK no standards specific to CO2 pipes
  standards for other gases applied
• Standards exist for sub-critical tank storage
  CO2
• US DOT code Pt 195 Transportation of
  Hazardous Liquids by Pipeline
• Specifically covers safety standards, reporting,
• high pressure CO2, includes specs for pipeline
  material, laying, valves, venting, handling and
  pumping etc.

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Health Environment I

• CO2 health effects well understood
• Chemicals covered by COSHH regs
• Dispersion of CO2 from high pressure pipelines
  or tanks less information for risk analysis
• Solid and gas phases on decompression
• high energy release
• Cold dense gas
• Materials failure due to CO2 corrosion

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Health Environment II

• Safety of controlled releases e.g pipeline purge
• Impurities with CO2 e.g. H2S
• CO2 migration to potable ground water
• Deep injection into saline aquifers ( onshore )
• Risks low of upwards migration
• Onshore geo-injection legislation not specific
  to CO2
• Leakage risk assessment methodology

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Incident Stats in US 1986 - 2001
U.S DOT Statistics
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RD

• EU Framework 67 programmes
• - HSE issues covered in many projects
• Zero Emissions Technology Platform HSE issues
  identified for FP7
• CCP oil company led consortium
• CCSA members RD programmes
• US EPRI, DoE
• IEA Greenhouse Gas RD programme
• UK Research Councils

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Gaps Summary

• Regulatory legal framework
• Safety standards for pipelines, facilities
• HS of sc CO2 releases
• Environmental effects CO2 geological migration
• Risk assessment methodology for leakage from
  storage site

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Way Forward

• Regulators work with Industry
• Look for, learn from or use existing best
  practice
• Adapt to the UK situation
• Build on existing UK practices and guidance
• Learn by doing - first of a kind projects
  give a focus for HSE work

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Dr Jeff Chapman Chief Executive The Carbon
Capture Storage Association Suites
142-152 Grosvenor Gardens House 35/37 Grosvenor
Gardens London, SW1W 0BS United Kingdom   Tel
44 (0) 20 7821 0528 Fax [phone]
0310 Mob 44 (0) 7747 761 065 Email
jeff.chapman_at_ccsassociation.org www.ccsassociation
.org