LATG: Chapters 1, 2, 3

1
LATG Chapters 1, 2, 3

• Functions of Management
• Identifying and Controlling Costs
• Regulations and Security

2
Ch. 1 Functions of Management

• 3 levels of Management
• Lower-level frontline, supervise workers
• Group leaders
• Middle-level oversee activities of supervisors
• Managers, Dept. Head
• Upper-level responsible for programs and
  operations
• Facility Director, President

3
Manager skills

• Conceptual skills
• identify and solve problems, think creatively and
  analytically, develop long range plans
• People skills
• leadership, motivation, and communication
• Technical skills
• understanding the work

4
5 Phases of Management

• Planning
• Organizing
• Directing
• Monitoring
• Staffing
• Open, Honest, Knowledgeable (good)
  communication is essential for good management

5
Planning

• LATG positions fall into lower and middle level
  management
• Upper-level management set goals and provides
  direction on how to accomplish
• LATG provide input to upper-level managers about
  equipment and personnel
• Understand goals, why, how relate to overall
  goals of organization
• Feedback up and down line

6
Organizing

• Identify all of the work to accomplish goals
• Divide work into individual jobs
• Physical limitations of the staff and facility
• daily obs and continuous care (365 days a yr.)
• physical limits affect efficiency productivity
• Research Requirements
• special diets, strict feeding schedules,
  light-dark room schedules
• Special Requirements
• dog enrichment, rodent breeding-low noise

7
Directing

• Day to day supervision of employees and work
• Motivating the staff
• One of the most important roles of a supervisor
• Provide incentives that stimulate working towards
  specific goals
• Maslows hierarchy of needs- money is only one
  component
• Sense of purpose accomplishment
• Time Management

8
Directing

• Job delegation
• one of the most important skills a new supervisor
  must acquire
• use guidelines to delegate
• Problem Employee
• there is always one!!
• Counsel on first incidence of unacceptable
  behavior
• Behavior vs. Personality

9
Directing

• Job Variety
• well-trained staff and low-rate of employee
  turnover
• flex-time employees choosing work hrs.
• scheduling routine procedures at different times
• Research project reviews with PIs

10
Monitoring

• Regular evaluation of units and individuals
  progress towards goals
• Effective performance review 3 types
• Informal or ongoing evaluations
• Periodic Performance Appraisals
• Annual Appraisal Performance Standards
• Personal Goals
• Annual Appraisal Interview

11
Staffing

• One of the principal responsibilities of an
  animal research facility staff supervisor
• HR dept. is great resource
• Interviewing
• First Impression for interviewer and applicant
• Interviewer professional and well-prepared
• Pre-employment interview guidelines
• competency based questions

12
Staffing

• Hiring
• Big decision best fit for now and future dont
  overlook overqualified candidates
• Terminating Employees
• final option after disciplinary actions (verbal
  reprimands, written reprimands, suspensions, and
  demotions).
• Solid legal ground for termination
• Must have a written record (documentation) of
  problems with employee

13
Staffing

• Labor unions
• Written contracts with wages, work hrs., vacation
  sick leave, promotion criteria, etc.
• Contracts are for written period of time
• Re-negotiated between the union mngmt.
  institutions mngmt.
• Union has 1 representative, designated stewards
• Written complaints against employer
• Grievance

14
Ch. 2 Identifying and Controlling Costs

• Cost analysis
• method used o calculate the amount of money
  required to operate an animal resource program
• Cost Analysis and rate Setting Manual for Animal
  Resources (revised in 2000)
• deterimine and list all costs associated with
  animal facility assign cost centers
• generate animal per diems

15
Cost Accounting Criteria

• Small centralized facilities are easier to handle
• LATGs gather and summarize stats on info. needed
  to generate cost analysis (sq. ft., animal days,
  amount of food used, etc.)
• Total Cost Accumulation
• Three step process

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Total Cost Accumulation

• Step 1 Prepare Trial Balance
• list all direct an indirect expenses
• direct salaries, wages, benefits, supplies,
  service contracts, noncapital equipment
• indirect costs incurred by institution in
  general support of facility operations. Physical
  plant maintenance, facility depreciation, water
  and electrical consumption
• Step 2 Assign cost centers on all expenses
  listed in trial balance

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Total Cost Accumulation

• Step 3 Allocate total cost
• nonrevenue-producing cost centers
• does not allow recovery of its own costs by per
  diem rate or fee for service
• Allocation to revenue-producing cost centers the
  total cost from nonrevenue producing cost
  centers.
• Institutional Cost Recovery Methods
• varies from institution recoveryper diem

18
Cost Analysis and Budgeting

• Cost containment based on lack of cost recovery
  from per diem rates
• Personnel
• 60 of all costs related to animal care
• Consolidation of physical space
• Caging automatic watering systems
• Cage Washing efficiency

19
Cost Analysis and Budgeting

• Animal days evaluate minimum number of days
  animals must be kept
• Feed amounts, prices,
• Bedding quantity and quality of contact bedding
• Refuse bulk vs. small batch
• Laboratory tests sentinel program
• Special Services and Programs

20
Ch. 3 Regulations and Security

• Legislative Issues and Regulations
• supervising personnel requires in depth knowledge
  of federal, state, and local regulations and
  guidelines
• Federal regulations
• Animal Welfare Act-USDA
• Public Health Service (PHS) Policy -OLAW
• Good Laboratory Practices (GLPs)-FDA

21
Regulations

• Reference file for LATGs
• ILAR Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory
  Animals
• outlines adequate veterinary care, facility
  environment, housing requirements, sanitation
  standards
• Animal Welfare Act (AWA)
• programs for disease prevention, parasite
  control, and euthanasia under supervision of
  veterinarian

22
1985 Amendments to AWA

• Dog exercise program
• Environmental enrichment program for NHP
• Training for scientists, animal techs. In proper
  handling and care of lab animals
• One major operative surgical procedure
• Minimization of Pain and Distress
• Defined duties and composition of IACUC

23
Facility Security

• Risk Assessment
• all animal research facilities are at risk
• specific research that increases risk
• using random source dogs and cats from pounds
• use of nonhuman primates
• substance abuse research
• pain studies
• psychological or behavior research
• Higher risk with publicity of work conducted
  on-site
• USDA reports available to public-FOIA

24
Selecting a Security System

• Needs of facility
• Level of Risk
• random source dogs vs. mouse house
• Financial status of institution

25
Defusing Issues

• Institutions proactively work on public sentiment
• Project files
• lists of research projects and goals
• Public education
• Cant support if dont understand issues
• NABR and AMP conduct media campaigns which
  details the advances in biomedical research

26
Defusing Issues

• Employee Education
• animal care staff will notice strangers in
  facilities
• educate staff on need to report unusual
  activities or occurrences
• Employee Screening
• Interview process-ask questions about use of lab
  animals
• security background screens
• Contacts within Law Enforcement