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Motor Learning

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Riding a bike. Novices: Fall over a lot. Consciously Learn: How to balance. Experts: Perform the action without conscious thought. Swinging at a baseball ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Motor Learning


1
Motor Learning
2
What is Motor Learning?
internal processes in external force field
(practice and experience)
that lead to permanent changes in responding
3
Elements of Motor Learning(according to Schmidt)
4
Some Motor Learning Tasks
  • Riding a bike
  • Novices Fall over a lot
  • Consciously Learn How to balance
  • Experts Perform the action without conscious
    thought
  • Swinging at a baseball
  • Novices Miss a lot exhibit jerky motion
  • Cognitively learn eye on the ball shift weight
    etc.
  • Experts exhibit smooth motion, coordination of
    shoulders, legs, etc.

5
Memory of Motor Skills
  • from the level of the brain to the level of
    the muscles
  • Similar to muscle memory
  • The case of H.M. A clinical case of a man with
    no long term memory he could learn a motor
    skill, and would show the effects of practice,
    but could NOT remember ever learning the skill!

6
The Law of Diminishing Returns
  • biggest improvement in early stages
  • learning curve slows
  • Example - It only takes a few weeks to learn how
    to swim, but it takes years to go from being an
    expert swimmer to an Olympic level swimmer

7
Graph of Diminishing Returns
8
Motor Skills Highlights
  • 1. GRADUAL
  • -practice makes perfect
  • - repeated performance of a new movement required
  • 2. PATTERN OF DIMINISHING RETURNS
  • -large gains at beginning of practice
  • 3. MASSED VS DISTRIBUTED LEARNING
  • 4. TRANSFER to other body parts
  • 5. ALMOST NO LOSS OF SKILLS OVER TIME

9
Discussion
  • IV type of movement
  • normal versus reversed
  • DV time off target (TOT) in seconds
  • Graph TOT vs trials
  • Its easy to imagine adults learning new skills,
    but what about infants?
  • Are motor skills automatic or controlled?
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