Strumentazione submmmm preALMA

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Strumentazione sub-mm/mm pre-ALMA

• APEX
• SCUBA SCUBA-2
• IRAM
• SMA
• CSO
• OVRO, BIMA ? CARMA
• NMA

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APEX Atacama Pathfinder EXperiment
Location Llano de Chajnantor (Chile, 5000
m) Antenna modified copy of US ALMA
prototype MPIfR50 Onsala Sp.
Obs23 ESO27 PI Karl Menten PS Peter Schilke
12 m diameter
300-1500 µm 230-1200 GHz
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Instruments

• Bolometers arrays
• LABOCA (LArge BOlometer
• CAmera)
• 870 micron (345 GHz)
• 295 channels
• beam size18 arcsec
• FOV11.4 arcmin
• scanning and jiggling required
• for fully sampled maps
• 350 micron (850 GHz) array
• 37-channel bolometer (next)
• 2 mm (150 GHz) array
• 3oo channel bol. for SZ (next)

• Heterodyne receivers
• 230 GHz (1.3 mm)340 GHz (0.9 mm)
• receivers (from SEST)
• 460 GHz (650 micron) 16-pixel
• CHAMP array (from CSO)
• 810 GHz (370 micron) receiver
• (from JCMT)
• Upgrade of CHAMP/dual receiver
• 650 and 810 GHz (next)
• Experimental receivers above 1 THz
• (next)

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Summary of the first generation facility
instruments
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Observing Time
Consortium The Astronomical Institute at the
University of Bochum (AIRUB), the European
Southern Observatory (ESO) and the Onsala
Space Observatory (OSO) and the
Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie (MPIfR)
? 10 observing time for Chilean astronomers
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SCUBA the Sub-mm Common-User Bolometer Array

• 15-m diameter telescope (Mauna Kea, Hawaii, 4092
  m)
• INSTRUMENTS
• Sub-mm bolometers
• Simultaneous observations at 850 µm (353 GHz, 37
  bolometers) and
• 450 µm (670 GHz, 91 bolometers)
• Diameter f.o.v.2.3 arcmin, beam15-7 arcsec
  cooled at 100 mK
• UK, Canada, and The Netherlands collaboration,
  5-10 observing
• time to international programs.
• Spectral line receivers
• 3 receivers A3 230 GHz B3 345 GHz W 460
  and 690 GHz
• Heterodyne polarimeter
• all frequencies. Next ROVER (2-3 mm window)

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The SCUBA-2 project

• SCUBA-2
• Transition Edge Sensor arrays two dc-coupled,
  monolithic, filled
• arrays with a total of 10240 bolometers
• Two focal-plane units ? each unit has 4
  sub-arrays with 40x32
• elements
• Observing bands 850 µm and 450 µm
• F.O.V.50 arcmin sq.12xSCUBA
• Sensitivity a factor 2-3 better than SCUBA
• 1000 times faster than SCUBA to reach the same
  S/N
• for maps (fully sampled image in just one
  pointing)
• Cooled at 120 mK ? limited by the sky background
  photon noise
• Delivered to the JCMT in Feb. 2006 (2 sub-arrays)
  and completed in
• Nov. 2006 (all sub-arrays)

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SCUBA-2 focal plane
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IRAM Institut de Radio Astronomie Millimetrique

• French-German-Spanish collaboration
• Two
  observatories
• 30-m single-dish telescope on Pico Veleta (2850
  m, Spain)
• 6-antenna (15 m each) interferometer on the
  Plateau de Bure
• (2550 m, France)
• 1. 30-m Telescope
• Bolometer systems
• MAMBO I 1.2mm, beam11 arcsec, 37 pixels
• MAMBO II 1.2mm, beam11 arcsec, 117 pixels
• plus receivers in the range 80-272 GHz
• 2. PdBI
• Receiver at 1.3 mm (205-250 GHz), resolution0.5
  arcsec, f.o.v.20
• Receiver at 3 mm (81-115 GHz)

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SMA Sub-Millimeter Array
Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory Academia
Sinica of Astronomy and Astrophysics
collaboration 8 x 6-m antenna interferometer on
Mauna Kea (4000m, Hawaii), baseline as long as
500 m, 180-900 GHz band 2 simultaneous
receivers/element Receiver bands 230, 345, 460,
690, and 850 GHz
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CSO Caltech Submillimeter Observatory

• 10.4-m diameter telescope (Mauna Kea, Hawaii)
• INSTRUMENTS
• Bolometer systems
• BOLOCAM 115 working pixels, f.o.v.8 arcmin
  (circular),
• beam size30 arcsec (1.1
  mm) and 60 arcsec (2.1 mm)
• SHARC II 12x32 array of bolometers at 350-450
  µm
• f.o.v.1.0x2.5 arcmin sq.,
  beam8.5 arcsec (350 µm)
• COMPLEMENTARY TO SCUBA
• Heterodyne receivers
• 230, 345,490, and 665 GHz

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OVRO Owens Valley Radio Observatory
Caltech / National Science Foundation 6 x
10.4-m antenna interferometer (California, 1200
m) Beam-width65 at 100 GHz Receiver bands
86-116 GHz (3 mm) and 210-270 GHz (1 mm)
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BIMA Berkeley Illinois Maryland Association
10 x 6.1-m antenna interferometer
OVRO and BIMA have now ceased operations ? CARMA
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CARMA Combined Array for Research in
Millimeter-wave Astronomy
CARMAOVROBIMA on a site in Eastern California
(3000 m a.s.l.) NSF Universities
SPECIFICATIONS
ARRAY 15 antennas (6 x 10.4 m 9 x 6.1 m), 772
m2 , 0.5 arcsec res. at 230
GHz RECEIVERS 115, 230, and 345 GHz
Fully operational end of 2005?
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NMA Nobeyama Millimeter Array
ARRAY 6 x 10m antennas BANDS 3 mm (85-116
GHz), 2 mm (126-152 GHz), and 1 mm
(213-237 GHz) resolution down to 1 arcsec NMA
plus the 45 m single-dish telescope ? RAINBOW
(f.o.v.20 arcsec at 3 mm)
10 m sub-mm ASTE
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if you have questions
Im not sure I can answer