Plant Regeneration

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Plant Regeneration
John J. Finer
http//www.oardc.ohio-state.edu/plantranslab/
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• For successful production of transgenic plants,
• DNA delivery
• Regeneration from single cells

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Much of the progress with improvement of crop
plants via Biotechnology relies on the ability
to introduce DNA into single cells and then,
generate whole fertile plants from those single
modified cells. The process of generating whole
plants from cells is called regeneration.
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Plant Regeneration Under the right conditions,
plant tissues regenerate into whole plants via
two distinct processes somatic embryogenesis
and shoot morphogenesis.
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Somatic Embryogenesis For somatic embryogenesis,
embryos form, which can develop and then
germinate into a whole plant.
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Somatic Embryogenesis Somatic embryos are
complete entities, similar to seeds. They possess
a shoot and root tip and have a complete vascular
system. They form under specific conditions that
are different from shoot morphogenesis.
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Somatic Embryogenesis An auxin is usually applied
for induction of somatic embryogenesis. Nitrogen
and carbohydrate balance are also important.
Embryos usually develop, once they are
transferred to a medium with no auxin.
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Plant Recovery
Starting MaterialImmature seeds
Soybean Embryogenesis
Germination
Induction
Development
Proliferation
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Shoot Morphogenesis For shoot morphogenesis,
shoots form, which must be excised to form roots
before they can be transferred to the soil.
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Shoot Morphogenesis Shoots can be formed directly
from the starting plant material or arise from a
mass of proliferating, unorganized piece of plant
tissue called a callus.
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Shoot Morphogenesis Shoot formation is usually
induced following placement of tissues on media
containing a high cytokinin to auxin ratio. Media
that contain inappropriately higher levels of
auxin can cause callus to form.
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Shoot Morphogenesis Plant regeneration from
shoots required the formation of roots on excised
shoots. Root formation can be spontaneous or
induced by rooting hormones which contain auxin.
Rooted shoots can then be transferred to soil for
plant establishment.
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Which are somatic embryos/shoots?
Somatic Embryo
Shoot morphogenesis
Shoot morphogenesis
Sunflower
Xmas Cactus
Cotton
Somatic Embryo
Somatic Embryo
Shoot morphogenesis
Ohio Buckeye
Poplar
Soybean
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For further information, contact John J.
Finer Department of Horticulture and Crop
Science OARDC/The Ohio State University 1680
Madison Ave. Wooster, OH 44691 Tel
330-263-3880 Fax [phone] e-mail
finer.1_at_osu.edu