Section 2. The Northern Renaissance

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Section 2. The Northern Renaissance
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Section 2. The Northern Renaissance

• Northern Europe recovered slowly from the ravages
  of the Black Death

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Section 2. The Northern Renaissance

• Began in the prosperous cities of Flanders about
  1450

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Section 2. The Northern Renaissance
Artists and writers experimented with new
methods and ideas
Pieter Brueghel the Elder, 1525-69 The Peasant
Dance, c. 1567, oil on wood, 3'9"x 5'5"
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Section 2. The Northern Renaissance

• The rest of Europe began its cultural rebirth in
  the 1500s

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Artists of the Northern Renaissance

• Albrecht Durer - the German Leonardo -helped
  spread the ideas of the Renaissance

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Artists of the Northern Renaissance

• Durer was famous for his etchings

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Artists of the Northern Renaissance

• Jan and Hubert van Eyck were notable of the
  Flemish painters

Jan van Eyck The Arnolfini Marriage The
Betrothal of Giovanni Arnolfini and Giovanna
Cenami, See convex, Dutch art, frame, and
mirror.
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The bride to be has placed her right hand into
the left hand of her fiancé to symbolize their
intention to wed. Some of the other symbols a
dog symbolizes love and fidelity, a pair of white
slippers in the lower left symbolize the sanctity
of marriage, fruits on the windowsill symbolize
fertility and original sin, a candle burning in
daylight acknowledges faith in God as well as his
all-seeing eye. A convex mirror hangs on the
wall behind the bride and groom. In this mirror
is a reflection of the backs of the principal
figures, accompanied by those of the painter and
another man who witness the betrothal. The frame
of the mirror contains ten medallions portraying
scenes from the life of Christ.
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Artists of the Northern Renaissance

• They portrayed townspeople and religious scenes
  in realistic detail

Virgin and Child with Saints Barbara and
Elizabeth and Jan Vos, by Jan van Eyck
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Artists of the Northern Renaissance

• The van Eycks are credited with developing the
  use of oil paint

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Artists of the Northern Renaissance

• Pieter Bruegel portrayed peasant life and
  influenced later artists

Peasant wedding c. 1568
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Artists of the Northern Renaissance

• In the 1600s, Peter Paul Rubens blended realism
  with classical themes

Venus and Adonisc. 1635
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Northern Humanists

• Stressed education and classical learning while
  emphasizing religious themes

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Northern Humanists

• They believed this revival should bring about
  religious and moral reform

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Northern Humanists

• Erasmus called for a translation of the Bible
  into the vernacular of ordinary people

Born  October 27, 1466Rotterdam, Holland
  Died  July 12, 1536Basel, Switzerland
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Northern Humanists

• Erasmus was disturbed about corruption in the
  church - used humor to expose immoral behavior

The Colloquia (1518) illustrated here condemns
ecclesiastical fraud
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Northern Humanists

• Englishman Thomas More pushed social reform and
  wrote about an ideal society in the Utopia

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Northern Humanists

• Francois Rabelais, used humor to express his
  opinions about religion, education, and other
  subjects

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Northern Humanists

• William Shakespeare wrote 37 plays - comedy,
  history, tragedy, and misplaced ambition

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Northern Humanists

• Shakespeare enriched the English language by
  adding over 1700 new words

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Northern Humanists

• Cervantes of Spain wrote Don Quixote, mocking the
  ideal of medieval chivalry

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The Printing Revolution

• In 1456, Johann Gutenberg was the first to use
  moveable type to print a Bible

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The Printing Revolution

• Printing presses became common across Europe and
  more and more people learned to read