Chapter 24 Growth of Western Democracies

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Chapter 24Growth of Western Democracies

• Section 4
• Expansion of the United States

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• Setting the Scene
• For many Irish families fleeing hunger, Russian
  Jews escaping pogroms, or poor Italian farmers
  seeking economic opportunity, the answer was the
  same - America! A poem inscribed on the base of
  the Statue of Liberty expressed the hopes of
  millions of immigrants
• "Give me your tired, your poor,
  Your huddled masses yearning to breathe
  free, The wretched refuse of your teeming shore.
  Send these, the homeless, tempest-tossed to me. I
  lift my lamp beside the golden door
• Emma Lazarus, "The New Colossus"

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I. Territorial Expansion

• From its earliest years, the US followed a policy
  of expansionism and Manifest Destiny

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I. Territorial Expansion

• In 1803, President Jefferson made the Louisiana
  Purchase and doubled the size of the nation

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I. Territorial Expansion

• The US bought Alaska from Russia (1867) and
  annexed the Hawaiian Islands (1898)

Alaska Purchase Canceled Check Cost 7,200,000
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I. Territorial Expansion

• Settlers moved west, bringing tragedy to Native
  Americans and forcing them onto reservations

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II. Expanding Democracy

• Two crusades highlighted the limits of American
  democracy - the abolition movement and the
  women's rights movement

"Am I not a man and a brother?"
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II. Expanding Democracy

• Abolitionists such as William Lloyd Garrison,
  Frederick Douglass, and Harriet Beecher Stowe
  called for the end of slavery

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II. Expanding Democracy

• Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton
  organized the first women's rights convention in
  1848

Stanton with Susan B. Anthony
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III. The Civil War and Its Aftermath

• Economic differences and the slavery issue drove
  the North and South apart

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III. The Civil War and Its Aftermath

• After Lincoln's election, southern states seceded
  from the Union and formed the Confederate States
  of America in 1861

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III. The Civil War and Its Aftermath

• Confederate armies under General Robert E. Lee
  drove as far north as Gettysburg, PA

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III. The Civil War and Its Aftermath

• Union General Ulysses S. Grant finally forced the
  Confederacy to surrender in 1865

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IV. Economic Growth and Social Reform

• After the Civil War, the US became the worlds
  leader in industrial and agricultural production

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IV. Economic Growth and Social Reform

• Mechanical reapers, plows, and threshers led to
  huge increases in farm production

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IV. Economic Growth and Social Reform

• Cotton mills used machines and cheap labor, while
  a huge work force labored in mines and factories

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IV. Economic Growth and Social Reform

• Industry brought rapid urbanization and the
  population soared as millions of immigrants
  arrived

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IV. Economic Growth and Social Reform

• By 1900 giant monopolies, owned by men such as
  Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller,
  controlled whole industries

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IV. Economic Growth and Social Reform

• Workers organized labor unions seeking better
  wages, hours, and working conditions

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IV. Economic Growth and Social Reform

• New political parties formed, such as the
  farmers Populist party and the reformers
  Progressive party

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IV. Economic Growth and Social Reform

• Women finally won the vote in 1920, when the
  Nineteenth Amendment went into effect

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V. Looking Ahead

• By 1900, the United States was the world's
  largest democracy and leading industrial giant.
  It was also acquiring the role of a global power.
  In the Spanish American War of 1898, the United
  States acquired overseas territories, including
  the Philippines, Guam, and Puerto Rico. Many
  Americans wanted to maintain their tradition of
  isolationism. Expansionists, however, urged the
  nation to pursue global economic and military
  interests. In 1914, rivalries among European
  nations exploded into war. Although Americans
  sought to stay out of the conflict, World War I
  would eventually force the United States to take
  an even greater role on the world stage.