ZigBee Intro.

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ZigBee Intro.

• 2004-12-29
• Soonmok KWON

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Index

• Introduction
• Applications
• Applications
• ZigBee Bluetooth
• Protocol
• Physical, Link Layer
• Network Layer

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Introduction
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What is ZigBee Alliance?

• An Organization with a mission to define
  reliable, cost-effective, low-power, wirelessly
  networked, monitoring and control products based
  on an open global standard
• Value Position
• Wireless Control that Simply Works
• Alliance provides
• upper layer stack and application profiles
• compliance and certification testing
• branding
• Result is a set of interoperable solutions
  recognizable in the market

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Uniqueness of ZigBee technology

• No standard approach today that addresses the
  unique needs of most remote monitoring and
  control applications
• Enables the broad-based deployment of reliable
  wireless networks with low complexity, low cost
  solutions
• Provides the ability to run for years on
  inexpensive primary batteries for a typical
  monitoring application
• Capable of inexpensively supporting robust mesh
  networking technologies

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Low Data Rate Wireless Evolution
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ZigBee supporters

• Eight promoter companies
• Ember, Freescale, Honeywell, Invensys,
  Mitsubishi, Motorola, Philips and Samsung
• Over 100 participants now

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ZigBee Applications
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Application
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Moms House September 2004

• Son installs a retail two-pack ZigBee lamp
  controller and lamp module
• Mom likes it, allows her to stay warm in bed
  without having to get up to turn out lamp

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Moms House October 2004

• Son worried about her health, so adds wearable
  panic button and phone line connection
• New PAN coordinator assumes coordination master
  function from lamp module network
  auto-reconfigures for star topology

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Moms House December 2004

• Mom likes it, son worried about her neighborhood,
  so adds door and window security sensor
• PAN Coordinator locates these new devices and
  adds them
• PAN Coordinator offers to alert police via phone
  line if window sensor is tripped, turns on lamp
  by bed

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Moms House December 2005

• Mom now worries about mail being stolen from
  roadside box, so wants to know when mailman
  delivers mail
• Son buys ZigBee Mailbox Alert
• finds that range is exceeded, purchases ZigBee
  Range Extender, finds it also allows her Panic
  Button to work outside in the garden

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Moms House September 2004

• For Christmas, Mom gets new computer with ZigBee
  Human Interface Devices (HID)
• Comes with software to allow her to automate her
  house via ZigBee

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Why ZigBee?

• Reliable
• Mesh networking
• Low data-rate applications
• Very long battery life
• Secure
• Scalable
• Low cost
• Global applicability

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ZigBee Bluetooth

• Bluetooth is best for...
• Ad-hoc networks between capable devices
• Hands-free audio
• Screen graphics, pictures
• File transfer

• But ZigBee is better if...
• The Network is static
• Lots of devices
• Infrequently used
• Small data packets

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ZigBee Bluetooth (detail)
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Battery Life Comparison
At beacon interval 60s, 15.4/ZigBee battery life
approx 416 days
802.15.4/ZigBee more battery-effective at all
beacon intervals greater than 0.246s
At beacon interval 1s, 15.4/ZigBee battery life
85 days
Bluetooth 30 days (park mode _at_ 1.28s)
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ZigBee Bluetooth are...

• ZigBee and Bluetooth are two solutions for two
  application areas

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ZigBee Protocol
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How is ZigBee related to IEEE 802.15.4?

• ZigBee takes full advantage of a powerful
  physical radio specified by IEEE 802.15.4
• ZigBee adds logical network, security and
  application software
• ZigBee continues to work closely with the IEEE to
  ensure an integrated and complete solution for
  the market

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ZigBee Protocol Stack
Application
Customer
API
Security 32- / 64- / 128-bit encryption
ZigBee Alliance
Network Star / Mesh / Cluster-Tree
MAC
IEEE 802.15.4
PHY 868MHz / 915MHz / 2.4GHz
Silicon
Stack
App
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IEEE 802.15.4 Overview

• Global Standard for Low Data Rate Networks
• Approved May 2003, Initial Products 4Q04
• Transmission Range of 30-100 Meters
• Reliability, Simplicity, Low Power Low Cost
  Focus

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IEEE 802.15.4 Key Features

• High Data Reliability
• DSSS, bi-directional, message acknowledgement,
  low latency
• Beacon mode enables Guaranteed Time Slots
  (priority comm.)
• Advanced Power Management
• Typical monitoring applications good for shelf
  life of battery
• Inherent Data Security
• Data encryption, message authentication, packet
  freshness
• Protocol Simplicity
• Designed for minimal cost complexity

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IEEE 802.15.4 MAC

• Employs 64-bit IEEE 16-bit short addresses
• Ultimate network size can reach 264 nodes (more
  than well probably need)
• Using local addressing, simple networks of more
  than 65,000 (216) nodes can be configured, with
  reduced address overhead
• Three devices specified
• Network Coordinator
• Full Function Device (FFD)
• Reduced Function Device (RFD)
• Simple frame structure
• Data, Ack, MAC command and Beacon
• Reliable delivery of data
• Association/disassociation
• AES-128 security
• CSMA-CA channel access

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Data Frame format

• Provides up to 104 byte data payload capacity
• Data sequence numbering to ensure that packets
  are tracked
• Robust structure improves reception in difficult
  conditions
• Frame Check Sequence (FCS) validates error-free
  data

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Basic Network Characteristic

• 65,536 network (client) nodes
• Optimized for timing-critical applications
• Network join time 30 ms (typ)
• Sleeping slave changing to active 15 ms (typ)
• Active slave channel access time 15 ms (typ)

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Topology Models

• Allows users to balance system cost, reliability
  battery life

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Comparison of key features of complementary
protocols
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References

• Emerging Standards Where does ZigBee fit, Oct
  2004, Bob Heile, Chairman, ZigBee Alliance pt
• Understanding the Role of IEEE 802.15.4 ZigBee
  in AMR Submetering, 2003, George Karayannis,
  Helicomm pt
• ZigBee and Bluetooth Competitive or
  Complementary?, Sep 2002, Venkat Bahl, ZigBee
  Alliance pt
• Designing with 802.15.4 and ZigBee, Industrial
  Wireless Applications Summit, Mar 2004, Jon
  Adams, motorola, ZigBee Alliance pt
• CatchtheBuzzonZigBee, CES 2004, Jan 2004, Bob
  Heile, Chairman, Zigbee Alliance pt