IEEE 802.15.4 and Zigbee Overview

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IEEE 802.15.4and Zigbee Overview
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Topics

• 802.15.4
• ZigBee
• Competing Technologies
• Products
• Some Motorola Projects

Slide 2
Joe Dvorak, Motorola
9/27/05
3
IEEE 802.15.4 Applications Space

• Home Networking
• Automotive Networks
• Industrial Networks
• Interactive Toys
• Remote Metering

9/27/05
Slide 3
Joe Dvorak, Motorola
4
Some needs in the sensor networks
Thousands of sensors in a small space ?
Wireless but sensors are frequently stand alone
?Low Power and sensors are frequently isolated
?Moderate Range. Some of the challenges facing
the standards committee
Slide 4
Joe Dvorak, Motorola
9/27/05
5
802.15.4 General Characteristics
Data rates of 250 kb/s, 40 kb/s and 20 kb/s. Star
or Peer-to-Peer operation. Support for low
latency devices. Fully handshaked protocol for
transfer reliability. Low power
consumption. Frequency Bands of Operation 16
channels in the 2.4GHz ISM band 10 channels in
the 915MHz ISM band 1 channel in the European
868MHz band.
ISM Industrial, Scientific, Medical
Slide 5
Joe Dvorak, Motorola
9/27/05
6
802.15.4 / ZigBee Architecture
Applications
ZigBee
IEEE 802.15.4 MAC

• Packet generation
• Packet reception
• Data transparency
• Power Management

IEEE 802.15.4
IEEE 802.15.4
2400 MHz
868/915 MHz
PHY
PHY
Slide 6
Joe Dvorak, Motorola
9/27/05
7
IEEE 802.15.4 PHY Overview Operating Frequency
Bands
Channel 0
Channels 1-10
2 MHz
868MHz / 915MHz PHY
868.3 MHz
928 MHz
902 MHz
2.4 GHz PHY
Channels 11-26
5 MHz
2.4 GHz
2.4835 GHz
Slide 7
Joe Dvorak, Motorola
9/27/05
8
IEEE 802.15.4 PHY Overview Packet Structure

• PHY Packet Fields
• Preamble (32 bits) synchronization
• Start of Packet Delimiter (8 bits)
• PHY Header (8 bits) PSDU length
• PSDU (0 to 1016 bits) Data field

Start of Packet Delimiter
PHY Header
PHY Service Data Unit (PSDU)
Preamble
6 Octets
0-127 Octets
9/27/05
Slide 8
Joe Dvorak, Motorola
9
802.15.4 Architecture
Applications
ZigBee

• Channel acquisition
• Contention mgt
• NIC address
• Error Correction

IEEE 802.15.4 MAC
IEEE 802.15.4
IEEE 802.15.4
2400 MHz
868/915 MHz
PHY
PHY
9/27/05
Slide 9
Joe Dvorak, Motorola
10
IEEE 802.15.4 MAC Overview Design Drivers

• Extremely low cost
• Ease of implementation
• Reliable data transfer
• Short range operation
• Very low power consumption

Simple but flexible protocol
Slide 10
Joe Dvorak, Motorola
9/27/05
11
IEEE 802.15.4 MAC Overview Typical Network
Topologies
9/27/05
Slide 11
Joe Dvorak, Motorola
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IEEE 802.15.4 MAC Overview Device Classes

• Full function device (FFD)
• Any topology
• Network coordinator capable
• Talks to any other device
• Reduced function device (RFD)
• Limited to star topology
• Cannot become a network coordinator
• Talks only to a network coordinator
• Very simple implementation

Slide 12
Joe Dvorak, Motorola
9/27/05
13
IEEE 802.15.4 MAC Overview Star Topology
PAN Coordinator
Master/slave
Communications flow
Full function device
Reduced function device
9/27/05
Slide 13
Joe Dvorak, Motorola
14
IEEE 802.15.4 MAC Overview Peer-Peer Topology
Point to point
Cluster tree
Full function device
Communications flow
Slide 14
Joe Dvorak, Motorola
9/27/05
15
IEEE 802.15.4 MAC Overview Combined Topology
Clustered stars - for example, cluster nodes
exist between rooms of a hotel and each room has
a star network for control.
Communications flow
Full function device
Reduced function device
9/27/05
Slide 15
Joe Dvorak, Motorola
16
IEEE 802.15.4 MAC Overview General Frame Structure

• 4 Types of MAC Frames
• Data Frame
• Beacon Frame
• Acknowledgment Frame
• MAC Command Frame

9/27/05
Slide 16
Joe Dvorak, Motorola
17
IEEE 802.15.4 MAC Overview Traffic Types

• Periodic data
• Application defined rate (e.g. sensors)
• Intermittent data
• Application/external stimulus defined rate (e.g.
  light switch)
• Repetitive low latency data
• Allocation of time slots (e.g. mouse)

9/27/05
Slide 17
Joe Dvorak, Motorola
18
802.15.4 Architecture
Applications

• Network Routing
• Address translation
• Packet Segmentation
• Profiles

ZigBee
IEEE 802.15.4 MAC
IEEE 802.15.4
IEEE 802.15.4
2400 MHz
868/915 MHz
PHY
PHY
Slide 18
Joe Dvorak, Motorola
9/27/05
19
ZigBee Stack Architecture
Slide 19
Joe Dvorak, Motorola
9/27/05
20
Typical ZigBee-Enabled Device Design
Typical design consist of RF IC and 8-bit
microprocessor with peripherals connected to an
application sensor or actuators
9/27/05
Slide 20
Joe Dvorak, Motorola
21
Wireless Technology Comparison Chart
Slide 21
Joe Dvorak, Motorola
9/27/05
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Competing/Similar Technologies

• Bluetooth
• http//www.bluetooth.org
• http//www.bluetooth.com
• X10
• Powerline protocol first introduced in the
  1970's.
• http//www.x10.com/technology1.htm
• Z-wave
• Proprietary protocol for wireless home control
  networking.
• http//www.z-wavealliance.com/
• INSTEON
• Peer-to-peer mesh networking product that
  features a hybrid radio/powerline transmission
• http//www.insteon.net
• nanoNET
• Proprietary set of wireless sensor protocols,
  designed to compete with ZigBee.
• http//www.nanotron.com/

Slide 22
Joe Dvorak, Motorola
9/27/05
23
802.15.4/ZigBee Products
Control4 Home Automation System http//www.control
4.com/products/components/complete.htm
Eaton Home HeartBeat monitoring
system www.homeheartbeat.com

• Chip Sets
• Ember, http//www.ember.com/index.html
• ChipCon, http//www.chipcon.com
• Freescale, http//www.freescale.com

• Software, Development Kits
• AirBee, http//www.airbeewireless.com/products.php
  
• Software Technologies Group, http//www.stg.com/wi
  reless/

Slide 23
Joe Dvorak, Motorola
9/27/05
24
Motorola Activity
NeuRFonTM

• Implementation of 802.15.4 ZigBee
• Aimed at enterprises
• Asset Tracking
• Security
• Public Safety
• Range 10m
• Transmission interval 4 minutes
• Nodes move, Controller does not
• Battery life 1 week to several years (nodes with
  2 AA batteries)
• Interfaces machine-only

9/27/05
Slide 24
Joe Dvorak, Motorola
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Motorola Activity
ConformablesTM

• Implementation of 802.15.4 only
• Aimed at consumers
• Home device control
• Location awareness
• Personal reminders
• Range 1 - 5m
• Phone is controller
• Both nodes and can controller move
• Battery life 1 week years (nodes with 320 mAhr
  rechargeable battery)
• Transmission interval 1 second
• Interfaces machine and human

SmartButton
LoBe
Janus
Digital Paperclip
9/27/05
Joe Dvorak, Motorola
Slide 25
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More Information

• IEEE 2003 version of 802.15.4 MAC Phy standard
• http//standards.ieee.org/getieee802/download/802.
  15.4-2003.pdf
• ZigBee Specification
• http//www.zigbee.org/en/spec_download/download_re
  quest.asp
• 802.15.4 Tutorial
• http//grouper.ieee.org/groups/802/15/pub/2003/Jan
  03/03036r0P802-15_WG-802-15-4-TG4-Tutorial.ppt
• Slides 3 17 were adapted from this tutorial
• ZigBee Technology Wireless Control that Simply
  Works
• http//www.hometoys.com/htinews/oct03/articles/kin
  ney/zigbee.htm
• ZigBee Technology Wireless Control that Simply
  Works
• http//www.hometoys.com/htinews/oct03/articles/kin
  ney/zigbee.htm
• Home networking with Zigbee
• http//www.embedded.com//showArticle.jhtml?article
  ID18902431
• Slides 19 21 were adapted from this article
• Can the competition lock ZigBee out of the home?
• http//www.techworld.com/mobility/features/index.c
  fm?FeatureID1809