Irelands Energy Balance

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Irelands Energy Balance

• Martin Howley
• Oslo City Group
• New Delhi 5th 7th February 2007

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Overview

• Why have an energy balance?
• What type of balance units, layout etc?
• Level of detail
• Data collection collation
• Balance construction
• Industry Disaggregation
• Transport Disaggregation

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Why have an Energy Balance

• Supply demand accounting framework
• Validate flows from supply to consumption
• Shows several dimensions at once
• Inputs, outputs, fuels, sectors
• Check for consistency between top-down and
  bottom-up
• Aggregation of different fuel and energy sources
  in common energy units
• Defines boundaries of the economic sectors
• End-use mapping of energy activities in the
  sectors
• Identify problem areas

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National Energy Statistical System
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Macro Energy Flow
Primary Energy Input
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Energy Flow in 2005
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What type of Balance

• Commodity Balance
• Expressed in physical units eg tonnes, litres
  etc
• Energy Balance
• Expressed in common energy units TJ, GWh,
  tonnes of oil equivalent (toe), etc
• Common energy units allows for the aggregation of
  energy quantities from different fuels or energy
  sources
• What format?
• IEA
• Eurostat

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Old Balance Format
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Data Collection

• Questionnaires to main suppliers
• Oil, gas, solid fuels, renewables, electricity
  generators suppliers
• Data collected in physical units
• tonnes, litres, cubic metres, TJ
• Collation/aggregation sheets for each fuel or
  energy type
• Results in high level aggregation of energy use

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Aggregation sheet example
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Database
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New Balance Format
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New Balance Format
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More detail on fuels
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More sectoral detail
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Issues

• If possible have more than one data source
• top-down and bottom up
• Confidentiality is a major issue
• Response rates
• Statistical differences
• More complete transformation output section
  desirable

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Sub-sectoral allocation - Industry

• Until recently based on a 1990 disaggregation
• What information is already being collected or is
  available?
• Annual Census of Industrial Production
• Questions on energy expenditure
• 1998, 2001 and from 2004 onwards energy
  expenditure questions by individual fuel
• Problem is to convert from expenditure to energy
  quantity
• Good price data essential

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Sub-sectoral allocation - Industry
Census of Industry Production expenditure by fuel
sub-sector
Price data
Emissions trading data
Derived energy use by fuel and sub-sector
of derived fuel used by sub-sector
Industry fuel use disaggregated using derived
fuel
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2004 Expenditure data - CSO
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2004 Expenditure data expressed as energy
quantities
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2004 derived energy quantities as percentages
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Sub-sectoral allocation - Industry
Sub-sectoral consumption allocated based on
pro-rata of spend by the sub-sectors on the
individual fuels recorded by CSO in the Census of
Industrial Production
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Sub-sectoral time series - Industry
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Transport Disaggregation

• Overall quantities of petrol, diesel and
  electricity were known
• Energy use by most modes of transport not known
• Some pieces of the jigsaw were known
• Rail
• Public Bus Passenger Services excise rebate
• Air kerosene, aviation gasoline
• Almost all petrol (gasoline) used by private car
  but also some taxis, small commercial vehicles
  and lawn mowers etc

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Transport problems and questions

• How to split diesel consumption between private
  cars and goods carriage
• Whats the effect of fuel tourism?
• Whats driving transport energy growth private
  car growth or freight growth?
• Car Transport - are purchasing trends (bigger
  cars) offsetting technical improvements in car
  engine efficiency?
• Car Transport are we really driving much more
  than in other EU Member States?

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Jigsaw Pieces
National Car Test
Fuel Tourism
Private cars tested after 4 years and every 2
years thereafter. Taxis tested every year.
Before 1995 N.I. prices lower than Republic.
Environment Ministry all island model.
Over 3 million tests since 2000.
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National Car Test Analysis - Private Petrol Car
Mileage
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Private Diesel Car Mileage
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Model Energy Use in Private Cars
Annual Mileage by engine size and fuel
Fuel Efficiency of new cars by engine size
Fuel Efficiency inflated by 20 for on-road
Petrol Diesel consumption in private cars
X
X

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Transport Energy Modal Split
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Links

• Irelands 2005 Energy Balance
• http//www.sei.ie/getFile.asp?FC_ID1966docID73
  
• Historic Balances
• http//www.sei.ie/getFile.asp?FC_ID1976docID901
  
• Energy in Ireland 1990 2005
• http//193.178.1.196/getFile.asp?FC_ID2054docID
  659
• Energy Statistics 1990 2005
• http//193.178.1.196/getFile.asp?FC_ID2049docID
  659
• Energy in Transport
• http//www.sei.ie/getFile.asp?FC_ID1859docID934
  

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Irelands Energy Balance

• Thank you.