Aggression

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Aggression

• Aggressive Action- intentional behavior aimed at
  causing either physical or psychological pain
• Hostile Aggression- an act of aggression stemming
  from feelings of anger and aimed at inflicting
  pain
• Instrumental Aggression- aggression as a means to
  some goal other than causing pain

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Bad Brains?
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Bad Brains?

• Antonio Damasio
• Orbitofrontal Dysfunction
• James Blair
• Amygdala Dysfunction

Lock em up and throw away the key?
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Does the finger pull the trigger or does the
trigger pull the finger?
Average Duration of Shocks
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Discomfort and Aggression(Carlsmith Anderson,
1979)
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Frustration-Aggression Theory

• Frustration as a cause of aggression the
  perception that you
• are being prevented from obtaining a goal will
  increase the
• probability of an aggressive response
• Barker, Dembo Lewin (1941)- Child toy study
• Harris (1974)- Cutting in Line
• Relative Deprivation- The idea that you (or your
  group) are getting less than you deserve or less
  than you have been led to expect relative to
  others
• Jerome Frank (1978) Most serious riots occurred
  in Watts and Detroit

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Social Learning Theory

• According to this theory, we learn social
  behavior by observing others and imitating them
• Albert Bandura (1961, 1963)
• Does media violence lead to aggression?
• Phillips (1983, 1986)- Boxing matches and homicide

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Social Learning Theory

• Pornography
• Donnerstein (1980)-
• Ss angered by female confederate
• IV Film type (rape, consent, nonerotic
  violence)
• DV Level of shock administered
• Malamuth (1981)-
• IV Rape or Consent Film
• DV Content of Sexual Fantasies

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Rape in San Diego
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Rape in San Diego
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Rape in San Diego

• On average, about 2 rapes are reported every day
  in San Diego.
• Most rapes take place between midnight and 5 a.m.
• The victim knows the attacker in 80 of the
  assaults.
• Women are most at risk in their own homes, and
  near and around a vehicle.
• Most happen in neighborhoods near commercial
  zones (downtown Gaslamp, stretches of University
  Ave and El Cajon Blvd, and Palm and Plaza Blvds
  in National City)

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My Neighborhood
UC San Diego
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Date Rape Research

• Victimization is not a random experience.
  Rather, the odds that you will be victimized
  depend on many factors.
• Victimization Survey Findings
• NCVS, UCR and Koss (1987)
• Rape Characteristics
• Acquaintances.
• Drugs and alcohol likely to be involved.
• Victim doesnt report.
• Physical evidence supporting acquaintance rape
  often lacking.

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Prosecuting Rape Cases

• The 1980s The Rape Research Decade
• Victim characteristics, such as promiscuity,
  marital status, victim dress, alcohol use and
  community reputation found to influence case
  processing.
• Victim advocates argued these factors were
  extralegal.
• As a consequence, every state has revised their
  laws and rules of evidence with respect to rape.
• Controversial change well focus on are rape
  shield laws.

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Does past sexual behavior have probative value?

• Proponents of rape shield laws argue that is has
  probative value if the evidence even slightly
  tends to increase the odds that the woman
  consented.
• Simple instance of past behavior predicting
  similar behavior?
• What legal officials really want to know is,
  Given that a woman has consented, what are the
  odds that she will then report the sexual
  intercourse as rape?

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False Accusations

• Prevalence Rates
• Kanin (1994) 41-50 false
• UCR (1987) 11 unfounded
• Reasons for False Allegations
• Attention, Sympathy, Revenge, Alibi
• Past Sexual Behavior?

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False Accusations

• Women presented with dating encounters in which
  consenting sexual contact was taking place.
• Based on their self-reported sexual histories
  they were categorized into experience groups.
• Motive to report the encounter as rape was
  controlled between subjects.

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Sexual Behavior and Accusations
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Sexual Behavior and Accusations
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Sexual Behavior and Accusations
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Sexual Behavior and Accusations
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False Accusations