Matter

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Matter
Chapter 2 Pages 58-81
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Matter

• Anything that has mass and takes up space

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States of matter

• The three states of matter are solids, liquids
  and gasses.

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Characteristic Properties

• Regardless of state of matter, a substance has a
  unique characteristic property.

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Elements

• Cant be broken down into another substance.

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• ELEMENTS

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Compound

• Chemical Combination of elements.
• EX H20?water
• CO2?Carbon Dioxide
• C12022H11? Sugar
• C6H12O6? Glucose

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Atom

• The smallest particle of an element.

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• player_frameatoms.htm

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Molecule

• A group of atoms joined together.

chocolate
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• player_framemolecules.htm

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Chemical Bond

• The force that holds the atoms together.

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Formula

• Ratio of atoms of each element in a compound.

Theobromine, C7H8O4N2 or Chocolate
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Law of Conservation of Matter

• Matter is neither created nor destroyed during a
  chemical change.
• It recombines to make a new type of chemical.

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Pure Substance

• One kind of matter with no substances mixed in.
• EX. Sugar, gold, silver, salt.

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Mixture

• When two or more substances are mixed together
  but have different properties.

EX Salt Water
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player_frame.htm
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Solution

• As well mixed as possible or when a substance has
  dissolved.

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• player_frame2.htm

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Changes in Matter

• Physical Change When the state of matter
  changes.

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Physical Change

• whipping egg whites (air is forced into the
  fluid, but no new substance is produced)
• magnetizing a compass needle (there is
  realignment of groups ("domains") of iron atoms,
  but no real change within the iron atoms
  themselves).
• boiling water (water molecules are forced away
  from each other when the liquid changes to vapor,
  but the molecules are still H2O.)
• dissolving sugar in water (sugar molecules are
  dispersed within the water, but the individual
  sugar molecules are unchanged.)
• dicing potatoes (cutting usually separates
  molecules without changing them.)

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Changes in Matter cont

• Chemical Change When a substance(s) combine or
  decompose into a new substance.

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Examples of a chemical change
iron rusting (iron oxide forms) gasoline
burning (water vapor and carbon dioxide form)
eggs cooking (fluid protein molecules uncoil and
crosslink to form a network) bread rising (yeast
converts carbohydrates into carbon dioxide gas)
milk souring (sour-tasting lactic acid is
produced) suntanning (vitamin D and melanin is
produced)
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Type of characteristic properties

• Boiling Points The temperature at which a liquid
  boils.

Water's boiling point is 100 C
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Melting/Freezing Points

• Temperature at which a solid turns into a liquid.

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Intermolecular forces (IMFs)

• These are forces that hold particles (molecules)
  together.

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Energy and State Change

• When a substance changes state
• Solid? liquid? gas gaining energy
• Gas? liquid? solid loses energy

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Temperature affects state.

• Substances with weak IMFs become liquids and
  gasses at low temperatures.
• In contrast, substances with strong IMFs can
  stay in a solid state even at extreme
  temperatures. Substances with strong IMFs become
  liquids and gasses at high temperatures.

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