Future Directions for Wireless Technology

1
Future Directions for Wireless Technology

• www.winlab.rutgers.edu
• www.orbit-lab.org

2
Some History Failure of 3G
Reality Bites and they still dont get it
3
Some History Success of 802.11
4
802.11 Problem Alphabet soup
5
802.11 Standards
6
And how do you get in?

• Create more standards
• RFID 10-1000 b/sec
• ZigBee (802.15.4) 250 Kb/s
• Bluetooth 1 Mb/sec
• Wi-Max (802.16)
• 802.11n
• 3G (they are still trying)
• 4G?
• Big problem how to verify claims?

7
Orbit Project Rationale

• Wireless testbeds motivated by
• cost time needed to develop experimental
  prototypes
• need for reproducible protocol evaluations
• large-scale system studies (...emergent behavior)
• growing importance of cross-layer protocol
  studies
• creation of communities for wireless network
  research
• ORBIT open-access multi-user facility for
  experimental wireless networking research
  primarily in unlicensed bands
• 24/7 service facility with remote access
• open interfaces for flexible layer 2,3
  cross-layer protocols
• extensive measurements at PHY, MAC and Net layers
• support for wide range of radio system scenarios

8
Orbit

• ORBIT consists of radio grid emulator field
  trial network
• Emulator used for detailed protocol evaluations
  in reproducible complex radio environments
• Field trial network for further real-world
  evaluation application trials

9
Orbit co-PIs

• WINLAB, Rutgers University
• Dipankar Raychaudhuri
• Max Ott
• Ivan Seskar
• Wade Trappe
• Manish Parashar
• Yanyong Zhang
• Columbia University
• Henning Schulzrinne
• Princeton University
• Hisashi Kobayashi
• IBM Research
• Arup Acharya
• Lucent Bell Labs
• Sanjoy Paul
• Thomson
• Kumar Ramaswamy

10
Radio Mapping Algorithm
11
The Grid Architecture
Gigabit backbone
Front-end Servers
VPN Gateway to Wide-Area Testbed
80 ft ( 20 nodes )
Data switch
Application Servers (User applications/ Delay
nodes/ Mobility Controllers / Mobile Nodes)
70 ft m ( 20 nodes )
Control switch
IS1
IS2
ISQ
SA1
SA2
SAP
RF/Spectrum Measurements
Interference Sources
Back-end servers
Internet VPN Gateway / Firewall
12
The Grid Hardware
13
RF Interference grid

• Number of transmitter antennas providing spatial
  distribution of interference sources (BW 40
  MHz, f0250 KHz 6 GHz)
• Ideally _at_ each antenna linear combination of 2-8
  sources (cost issue)
• Variety of interference types (W-CDMA, cdma2000,
  1xEV-DO/DV, TD-SCDMA, cdmaOne, GSM/EDGE,
  GPRS/EGPRS, Bluetooth, GPS, enhanced multitone,
  NPR, AWGN, or up to 8 sec of arbitrary waveform
  generation)

14
ORBIT Field trial (Phase 2)

• Requires ruggedized outdoor ready equipment
  (suggesting of the shelf technologies)
• Standard nodes used in dual role of mobile
  AP/mobile nodes deployed on busses
• Where possible connected to wired infrastructure
  otherwise use of second radio interface for mesh
  type networking/wide area access

15
Experiment Support Architecture
Control
Deploy Configure
Definition
System
Experimenter
Measure
Results
16
Defining an Experiment
17
Formulation of Link SNR Mapping
18
OML Measurement Framework
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Experiment Definition
Configure environment node("//").net.w0
n n.essid "HelloWorld" n.mode
"ad-hoc" n.channel 1 n.xmitPower 1
What is 1? n.bitrate "11Mbps" Force single
rate n.ip "10.0.x.y" Start
experiment whenReady e, n p.packetSize
1024 p.rate 250 e.sleep 5.0 e.done
Experiment.name "tutorial-1" Experiment.project
"OrbitTutorial" Experiment.startMode
ExperimentREBOOT Define nodes used in
experiment node(2, 3, sender) n
n.prototype("http//apps.orbit-lab.org/sender",
if gt NodeW0_IF, packetSize gt
Experiment.parameter("packetSize"), rate gt
Experiment.parameter("rate") ) node(3, 4)
n n.prototype("http//apps.orbit-lab.org/rece
iver", if gt NodeW0_IF)
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Prototype Definition
ltprototype id'http//apps.orbit-lab.org/sender'gt
ltnamegtSenderlt/namegt
lturlgthttp//apps.orbit-lab.org/senderlt/urlgt
ltdescriptiongtNodes which send a stream of
packetslt/descriptiongt ltparametersgt
ltparameter name'packetSize' id'packetSize'gt
ltdescriptiongtPayload length of outgoing
packetslt/descriptiongt
ltdefaultgt1000lt/defaultgt lt/parametergt
lt/parametersgt ltapplicationsgt
ltapplication refid'http//apps.orbit-lab.org/
gennySendergennySender'gt ltpropertiesgt
ltproperty idref'interface_name'gtltbindi
ng idref'if'/gtlt/propertygt
lt/propertiesgt ltmeasurementsgt
ltmeasurement id'group3'gt
ltpropertiesgt ltproperty
idref'uriomlfiltertrigger'gt
lt/propertiesgt
ltmetric refid'offered_load'gt
ltfilter idref'uriomlfiltermean'/gt

p Prototype.create("http//apps.orbit-lab.org/se
nder") p.name "Sender" p.description "Nodes
which send a stream of packets" p.addParameter(if
, "Name of interface to use", NodeW0_IF) p.addPa
rameter(packetSize, "Payload length of outgoing
packets", 1000) p.addParameter(rate, "Rate to
send", 1000) p.addParameter(channel, "Channel to
send on", 1) p.addParameter(useSocket, "If true
use socket, otherwise use libmac for transport",
true) genny p.addApplication(gennySender,
"http//apps.orbit-lab.org/gennySendergennySender
") genny.bindProperty(interface_name,
if) genny.bindProperty(rate) genny.bindProperty(
payload_length, packetSize) genny.bindProperty(
use_socket, useSocket) genny.addMeasurement(gro
up3, FilterSAMPLE, FilterSAMPLE_SIZE gt
100, "offered_load", FilterMEAN )
21
Analyzing Experiments
function nsf(dbServer, dbUser, dbPW,
database) Part where we retrieve data from
the database mysql('open',dbServer, dbUser,
dbPW) mysql('use', database) output
struct('time',,'thr_all',,'node',) output.
time, output.thr_all, output.node
mysql('select timestamp, throughput, node_id from
group2') thru1_4, time1_4, thru3_1, time3_1
sort_mysql(output) Finally, the plotting
part subplot(2,1,1) plot(time1_4, thru1_4,
'-') title('Throughput On Obstructed
Link') xlabel('Time (sec)') ylabel('Throuhput
(bps)') grid on subplot(2,1,2) plot(time3_1,
thru3_1, '-') title('Throughput On Monitor
Node') xlabel('Time (sec)') ylabel('Throuhput
(bps)') grid on
22
Progress

• Installed Production Nodes
• Scaled to 64 Nodes
• Added Bluetooth
• Semi-automated calibration (/- 10db)
• Web site is up
• Supporting Click
• Started with external experimenter (Columbia)
• Started exploring mobility NS-2 integration
• V2 of node handler OML in beta
• 5 Papers accepted

23
Future

• Extend Beta testers to industry EWPs
• Move into new building (ribbon cutting done)
• Explore new radios (already have Zigbee, Mote,
  GNU radio)
• Install to 400
• Interested? Join mailing list www.orbit-lab.org/
  community/mailingLists

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www.orbit-lab.org