RF Optimization and Planning Afforda Technology

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What is RF ?

• RF is Radio frequency which is used in wireless
  network .
• RF used in Mobile network ,Media Radio network
  etc.
• RF divided in to different parts to provide the
  radio network .
• RF major work on GSM mobile network .

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RF Planning optimization
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RF planning process and parameters

• What is RF Planning?
• Coverage and Capacity.
• Calibration of Planning Tools.
• Frequency Planning.
• What is RF Optimization?
• Network Analysis.
• Parameter Tuning.
• Maintain and Improve KPIs.

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• GSM Bands
• GSM 900 (P-GSM)
• 890 915 MHz (Uplink)
• 935 960 MHz (Downlink)
• 124 Number of Available ARFCNs.
• GSM 1800 (DCS)
• 1710 1785 MHz (Uplink)
• 1805 1880 MHz (Downlink)
• 374 Number of Available ARFCNs

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Types of Site

• Single Site
• GSM 900 / GSM 1800 (DCS)
• Single BCCH
• Dual Band / BCCH Site
• GSM 900 GSM 1800
• Dual BCCH
• Concentric Site
• GSM 900 GSM 1800
• Single BCCH

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Coverage and Capacity

• Coverage
• Depends upon the area (e.g. Urban, Rural,
  Hilly, Highway)
• Frequency is inversely proportional to the
  Wave Length
• Which type of site should be proposed for
  highway (Considering
• the long area but very low traffic) ???
• Capacity
• Always comes with coverage area
• Capacity must be known properly before
  deciding for Coverage
• No. of radios must be finalized as per
  Capacity of the area

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Traffic Handling

• Speech Codec's can be used to avoid initial
  congestion
• Expansion is the final Solution

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NETWORK AND RF PLANNING

• Achieving maximum capacity while maintaining an
  acceptable grade of service and good speech
  quality is the main issue for the network
  planning.

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• The difficulty is to plan a network that allows
  future growth and expansion. Wise re-use of site
  location in the future network structure will
  save money for the operator

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RF on GSM network

• What is GSM ?
• Global System for Mobile (GSM) is a
  second generation cellular
  standard developed to cater voice services and
• data delivery using digital modulation.

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Imperatives for Optimization

• RF optimization remains one of the key challenges
  in any network.
• Identifying potential faults in the network and
  resolving them before they affect network
  performance.
• Rectifying causes of faults affecting network
  performance.
• Leads to efficient use of the spectrum.

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What is Optimizations ?

• Optimization is the fine tuning of a normal cell
  plan to a real environment .
• Optimization objective to achieve 100 compliance
  to the design criteria in regards to converge
  ,capacity and quality.
• The standards defined by local government
  authority.

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Need for optimization
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Optimization Process Single site verification
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Optimization Process Drive Test Based
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Various steps involved in planning procedure

• The steps are
• System requirements
• Define radio planning
• Initial network plan
• Surveys
• Individual site design
• Implementation
• Launch of service
• On-going testing

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Network Analysis

• Tools are used to extract raw counters in
  statistical form (e.g. Making Pivot Charts) to
  analyze the KPIs.
• Log Files analysis using TEMS (RF Tool)
• TEMS is an Ericsson propriety
• Used for Air Interface Analysis
• Provide information of all three functional
  layers of GSM
• Parameter Tuning to improve KPIs as mentioned
• CSSR (Call Setup Success Rate)
• DCR (Drop Call Rate)
• HoSR (Handover Success Rate)

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Traffic Balancing

• There should be a Preferred Band
• Preferred Band is usually DCS (GSM 1800)
• DCS is comparatively cleaner (due to less no. of
  losses)
• No Massive Overlapping as in GSM 900 Band
• Another appropriate method for traffic balancing
  is Handover
• Handovers can be InterCell or IntraCell
• Different Algos are defined for both types of
  HOs
• In Idle Mode, C2 is the method to distribute
  traffic
• Forces the MS to camp over neighboring cell
• On the basis of perceived level of MS and CRO

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Congestion and its Remedy

• Congestion usually occurs when there are less no.
  of channels available than offered traffic (in
  Erlang)
• How to Avoid Congestion???
• General Capture HO ( Level Dependent )
• Traffic HO ( Level and
  Availability dependent )
• Directed Retry HO ( SD HO )
• Another way to relief Congestion is QUEING
• Final possible solution is Expansion

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Major KPIs

• CSSR
• DCR
• HoSR
• Inc HoSR
• IASR
• Call Setup Blocking
• SD Blocking

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