The 19th Century

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The 19th Century 20th Century
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The 19th Century

• Began and ended tragically
• The War of Independence 1808
• The Spanish American War 1898
• Colonies won their independence by 1825
• Six types of government 1868-1875
• Polarization of the nation intensified

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Literature

• Romanticism after 1833
• Realism 1849 1870
• Naturalism 1883

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The 20th Century

• The Spanish American War
• A traumatic national experience
• Increasing political and social unrest
  dissatisfaction
• Alienation of the youth and intellectuals
• The First World War
• Neutrality
• Morocco

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Cuba
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The Second Republic

• High hopes and enthusiasm
• Strikes,riots, and political divisions
• Polarization into Right and Left
• The rise of Communism and fascism
• Francisco Franco rebelled against the Second
  Republic
• Civil War 1936-1939

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Literature

• 1898-1914 The Generation of 1898
• 1914-1936 avant-guard movements
• Surrealism
• Dadaism
• Creationism
• Ultraism
• 1939-present
• Existentialism

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The Generation of 98

• Protest against the present decline collapse of
  Spain
• A reaction against the past
• Preoccupation with the problem of Spain
• A belief in the individual will and expression
• The Europeanizers

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The Genration of 98

• A love of Castile
• No unified political or social program
• A general agreement on the stylistic innovations
• A cosmopolitan spirit
• Modernism
• Art for arts sake

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Miguel de Unamuno 1864-1936

• The dominant and international
• figure
• A pioneer of Existentialism
• Characteristics of his works
• Emphasis on the I
• Original and intellectual style
• Description is abandoned
• Metaphors, plays on words, digressions, and
  symbols
• Intention to use contradiction,argumentation, and
  controversial ideas
• A vast amount of quotations and references

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Unamuno

• A love for Spain, especially Castile and the
  Basque region
• Existentialism as the attitude of modern man in
  the crisis of the 20th century
• Deep religious yearning and quest
• Paradox