Pleckgate High School Year 8

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Pleckgate High School Year 8

• The Sun
• Earthquakes
• Einstein

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Our Star The Sun
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• The energy is from Nuclear Fusion.
• This is when light atoms fuse to form heavy
  atoms.
• In the Sun Hydrogen fuses into Helium.
• The pressure of these hot gases is balanced by
  the force of gravity.

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• Our Sun is at its main-sequence stage, this lasts
  for about 10000000000 years. We are about half
  way through.
• On Earth we receive two billionths of the Suns
  energy or 2 x 108 watts.
• This is enough to power 100 light bulbs for 5
  million years.

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Solar Power

• Drying clothes and food.
• Heating water.
• More recently generating power.

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Advantages and disadvantages

• Free, can be used in remote areas and handy for
  low-power uses e.g. battery chargers.
• Doesnt work at night, very expensive to build
  solar powered stations, can be unreliable (unless
  very sunny climate).

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Some images
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Earthquakes

• Earthquakes are caused by movement of the Earths
  crust at weak points, caused by convection
  currents.

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Energy released in an Earthquake.

• The seismograph invented in the 1850s allows us
  to measure earthquake magnitudes.
• There is estimated to be 500 000 seismic events
  each year.
• The Richter scale is used to describe earthquake
  size.

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An increase of 1 on the Richter scale is an
increase in magnitude of x10 and a release of 30
times more energy.

• Earthquake size can also be compared to TNT
  explosive force.
• E.g. 2.0 1 ton WWII Bomb
• 7.0 32 megaton Largest nuclear weapon
• 9.0 32 gigaton Indian Ocean tsunami
  

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Tsunami 2004
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Amount of energy

• Richter magnitude 9.0.
• Energy est. as 2.0 x 1018 joules (enough to boil
  150l of water for everyone on Earth).
• Shockwaves felt throughout the planet.
• Theoretical model suggests it shortened day
  length by 2.68 microseconds.
• The force of displaced water moved rocks of
  millions of tons as much as 7 miles.

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Albert Einstein

• Famous equation Emc2.
• This states that the amount of energy is equal to
  the mass times the square of the speed of light.
• He had an IQ above 160 and received a Nobel prize
  in 1921.
• He gave us a better understanding of energy and
  all the universe.

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• Thank you
• The end