Translating Subtitles using Machine Translation

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• Translating Subtitles using Machine Translation
• Practices, Problems, Methodology
• Elsa Sklavounou, Ph. D.
• Linguist, Co-funded Projects Technical
  Coordinator
• SYSTRAN

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SYSTRAN MT Customization MethodologyOverview

• A customization project involves three different
  customization levels that provide incremental
  higher translation quality
• Basic Terminology
• Complex Terminology
• Linguistic Rules
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SYSTRAN MT Customization MethodologyOverview

• Basic Terminology
• The first step entails the creation of a User
  Dictionary that covers most of the noun
  terminology in the corpus, and various simple
  adjective and verb terms.
• Complex Terminology
• The second level concerns the coding of complex
  terminological entries such as the coding of
  complex verbs with their complements (subject,
  object) and their translations.
• Linguistic Rules
• The third level involves language-specific code
  modifications in the SYSTRAN linguistic modules.
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SYSTRAN MT Customization MethodologyLevel 1
Level 2

• Customization level 1 and 2 focuses on the
  implementation in the systems of specialized
  terminology from the corpus. Level 1 and 2 tasks
  include
• Simple and complex terms extraction
• Simple and complex terms translations
• Simple and complex terms coding
• Simple and complex terms review

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SYSTRAN MT Customization MethodologyLevel 1
Level 2

• Step 1 Corpus installation and analysis
• Prerequisite 1 a formatted corpus
• Step 2 Term extraction
• Simple terms (nouns and noun expressions)
• Complex terms (verb patterns)
• DNT (Do Not Translate) integration

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SYSTRAN MT Customization MethodologyLevel 3

• Customization level 3 focuses on the
  implementation of linguistic rules uniquely
  adapted to language-specific syntactic and
  semantic issues found in translations taken from
  the corpus. Level 3 tasks include
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• Detailed linguistic evaluations and the
  development of a comprehensive customization
  plan
• Implementation of customized rules
•   Regression tests
•   Correction of linguistic translation errors
•   Acceptance testing before release

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SYSTRAN MT Customization MethodologyQuality
Levels

• Estimate of the quality levels that may be
  achieved for each customization level.

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SYSTRAN MT Customization MethodologySoftware
Tools

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• The process for coding simple and complex terms
  and related dictionary maintenance is managed by
  the SYSTRAN Linguistics Platform that integrates
  the following two tools, required to complete
  customization levels 1 and 2.
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SYSTRAN MT Customization MethodologySoftware
Tools

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• SYSTRAN Dictionary Manager
• The SYSTRAN Dictionary Manager (SDM) enables
  translators to build and manage multilingual
  dictionaries. SDM includes preparation steps for
  dictionary coding tasks, an online dictionary
  lookup (via an HTML interface), and a compiler
  for runtime machine translation dictionaries. It
  is composed of three main components a database,
  HTML query form (dictionary lookup, reports,
  logs, import and export) and a Windows client
  (interactive coding tool).
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SYSTRAN Customization Methodology Software
Tools

• The SYSTRAN Review Manager (SRM) is a
  productivity tool used for
• the review
• quality assessment and
• maintenance of linguistic resources used combined
  with a SYSTRAN system.

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SYSTRAN Customization MethodologyPrerequisite
1 a formatted grammatical corpus

• Grammar Writing Rules
• Using Articles
• Avoiding Speech Ambiguity
• Using Enumeration
• Ensuring Subject-Verb Agreement
• Using Prepositions
• Using Infinitives at the Beginning of Sentences
• Using Imperatives
• Observing Punctuation Rules
• Using Main Clauses
• Using Subordinate Clauses
• Using Relative Clauses

• Avoiding Multiple Stacking
• Using Compound Words
• Using Capitalization
• Using Spelling Variations
• Lexical Ambiguities
• Disambiguation of Product Names and Menus
• Avoiding Lexical Ambiguities
• Using Compounds
• Format and Typographical Issues
• Segmentation

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SYSTRAN Customization Methodologyfor MUSA

• Two-process fully-automatically generated Corpus
  
• Speech Recognition (KU Leuven),
• Automatic Sentence Compression (CNTS)
• First priority
• Subtitles Constraints
• Second Priority
• The least possible ambiguous content
• Lesson learned No prerequisite

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SYSTRAN MT Customization MethodologyUpgraded
Software Tools (Client Tools v5)
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SYSTRAN Translation Project Manager Terminology
ReviewNot Found Words Extraction

• Reviewing Terminology and Sentences
• The Terminology Review tab in the Review window
  lets you identify expressions such as Not Found
  Words or Terminology extracted by the software.

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SYSTRAN Translation Project Manager Terminology
ReviewNot Found Words ExtractionExamples

• SRC_Id
• these parents know measles can be dangerous, but
  they don't want their child to have MMR, the
  triple vaccine which protects them from measles,
  mumps and rubella.
• Raw MT
• ces parents savent la rougeole peut être
  dangereuse, mais ils ne veulent pas que leur
  enfant a MMR, le vaccin triple qui les protège
  contre la rougeole, les oreillons et la rubéole.
  

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SYSTRAN Translation Project ManagerAlternative
Meanings

• Alternative Meanings
• shows alternative translations based on different
  meanings of a source word or expression.
• The Alternative Meanings tab in the Review window
  shows alternative meanings for expressions in
  SYSTRAN or User Dictionaries

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SYSTRAN Translation Project ManagerAlternative
MeaningsExamples

• SRC_Id
• they'd rather pay for single vaccines at 60
  pounds a shot, even though the government insists
  MMR is safe.
• Raw MT
• ils payeraient plutôt les vaccins uniques à 60
  livres un coup de feu, quoique le gouvernement
  exige que MMR est sûr.
• Customized MT
• ils payeraient plutôt les vaccins uniques à 60
  livres une injection, quoique le gouvernement
  exige que MMR est sûr.

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SYSTRAN Dictionary Manager User Dictionaries
(UDs)

• User Dictionaries (UDs) let you increase the
  quality of source language analyses, which also
  increases the
• translation output for all associated target
  languages. UDs can be used for a number of
  functions, including
• Automatically translating Not Found Words in the
  SYSTRAN dictionary.
• Overriding the target-language meaning of a word
  or expression in the SYSTRAN dictionaries, a
  capability that lets you customize translation
  output to fit specific needs.
• Ensuring that an expression is always treated as
  a unit by SYSTRAN analysis programs.

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SYSTRAN Dictionary Manager User Dictionaries
(UDs)Metrics

• Type of Dictionary
• ENFR
• ENEL
• Do Not Translate Words
• 3532 entries (enxx)
• Proper Nouns
• 1495 entries (enfr)
• 1495 entries (enel)
• MUSA Terminology
• 1443 entries (enfr)
• 5228 entries (enel)
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SYSTRAN Dictionary Manager User Dictionaries
(UDs)Examples

• SRC_ID
• Andrew Wakefield ignited the debate over MMR by
  announcing the findings of research into a group
  with autism and bowel disease.
• Raw MT
• Andrew Wakefield a enflammé la discussion
  au-dessus de MMR en annonçant les résultats de la
  recherche dans un groupe avec la maladie d'autism
  et d'entrailles.
• Customized MT
• Andrew Wakefield a enflammé la discussion
  au-dessus de MMR en annonçant les résultats de la
  recherche dans un groupe avec autisme et maladie
  d'entrailles.
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SYSTRAN Translation Project Manager Source
AnalysisInteractive Disambiguation

• The Source Analysis tab in the Review window
  shows how the software handled source ambiguities
  and allows you to override the software
  selections.

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SYSTRAN Translation Project Manager Source
AnalysisInteractive DisambiguationExamples

• ID 523
• At first we thought it was parts of the building
  but it was people, literally people falling all
  around us.
• Raw MT
• D'abord nous avons pensé que ce faisait partie du
  bâtiment mais c'était les gens, peuplent
  littéralement la chute tout autour de nous.
• Customized MT
• Dabord nous avons pensé que cetait des
  fragments du bâtiment, mais cétait des gens,
  littéralement des gens qui tombaient autour de
  nous.

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SYSTRAN Dictionary Manager Normalization
Dictionaries (NDs)

• Normalization Dictionaries (NDs)
• There are two types of Normalization Dictionaries
  (NDs) source normalization and target
  normalization.
• Source normalization normalizes source document
  before translation.
• Target normalization adapts translation output to
  user needs in term of terminology consistency.
• It can also provide a way to replace expressions
  chosen by the softwares translation engine with
  user-defined expressions.

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SYSTRAN Dictionary Manager Normalization
Dictionaries (NDs)Examples

• SRC_IDs
• we did n't know she had measles but we do.
• I mean I ca n't help...
• Raw MT
• nous avons fait le n't savons qu'il a eu la
  rougeole mais nous faisons.
• Je veux dire l'aide de n't d'I ca
• Customized MT via SRC Normalization
• nous n'avons pas su qu'il a eu la rougeole mais
  nous faisons. Je veux dire que je ne peux pas
  aider

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SYSTRAN Translation Project Manager Sentence
Reviewfor Translation Memory Construction

• The Sentence Review tab in the Review window
  compares sentences in the source and target.
• You can then check the sentences you want to send
  to User Dictionaries, where you can work with
  them further in order to post-edit them and
  construct Translation Memories.

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SYSTRAN Dictionary Manager Translation Memories
(TMs)

• Translation Memory (TM)
• A set of translated and validated sentences that
  can be integrated into the translation process.
  Translation Memories (TMs) are databases of
  aligned pre-translated sentences.
• Unlike Dictionaries, TM
• entries can be formatted (for example, italic or
  bold) and are used by the translation engine to
  perform
• matches on full sentences in the source document.
  TMs are not usually created manually, but are
  built using
• SYSTRANs Translation Project Export or from TMX
  files.

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SYSTRAN Dictionary Manager Translation Memories
(TMs)Examples

• ID 370
• Now people kind of started panicking and said
  we've got to leave no matter what.
• Raw MT
• Maintenant sorte de personnes de panique
  commencée et dite nous avons pour laisser
  n'importe ce que.
• Customized MT
• Les gens maintenant avaient lair de paniquer
  disant quils devaient à tout prix partir.

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SYSTRAN Dictionary Manager Translation Memories
(TMs)

• Translation Memory Import/Export
• Already existent Tmx standard translation memory
  exchange files can be imported/exported via
  SYSTRAN Dictionary Manager .