Instructional Design Constructivism and Multimedia

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Instructional DesignConstructivismand
Multimedia

• By
• Martha Chapman
• ETEC 5760
• Summer 2003

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Knowledge is not transmitted it is constructed.
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Constructivism

• Constructivism is a belief that the learners can
  use their previous and current beliefs, ideas,
  and knowledge to form and connect incoming
  information and eventually reach conclusions in
  subject matter.

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The Constructivist Classroom

• Emphasis is placed on students' ability to solve
  real-life, practical problems based on prior
  knowledge and understanding.
• Students confront problems full of meaning
  because they are realistic and authentic.
• Students invent alternative solutions.
• Students collaborate with others.
• Students try out ideas and hypotheses, revise
  their thinking, and finally present the best
  solution they can derive.

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The Facilitator

• The job of the teacher in constructivist models
  is to arrange for required resources and act as a
  guide to students while they set their own goals
  and 'teach themselves'. (Roblyer, Edwards, and
  Havriluk, 1997, p. 70)

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The Learner

• The student's individual development is at the
  center of instruction, rather than a lesson plan.

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Why Multimedia?

• Multimedia provides many opportunities for active
  and cooperative learning.
• Multimedia allows for authentic learning.
• Multimedia allows students to generate their own
  knowledge.
• Multimedia assists students in taking more
  responsibility for learning.
• Multimedia engages the students in active
  learning.

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Interactive and Presentation Multimedia

• A communication format integrating several
  media (text, audio, visual), most commonly
  implemented with a computer.

Text
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Interactive Multimedia

• The user, as the name suggests, can interact
  with multimedia so that information can be
  accessed in a non-linear fashion.

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Interactive Video

• Videodiscs
• Compact Disc Read Only Memory (CD-ROM) technology
  
• hypertext/hypermedia/multimedia

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Presentation Multimedia

• video camera
• audio cassette player
• musical keyboard
• television set
• computer
• video cassette recorder

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Computers

• The major function of the computer would appear
  to be in its mode as a tool with applications
  such as word processors, databases, spreadsheets
  and graphics programs.

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Computers Have Other Uses

• Hypermedia/Hypertext
• Simulations
• Tutorials
• Educational Games
• Drill and Practice (be careful)

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1 2 3 Learning
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References

• Conceição-Runlee, Simone, and Daley, Barbara J.
  Constructivist Learning Theory To Web-Based
  Course Design An Instructional Design Approach.
  Retrieved June 19, 2003 from http//www.bsu.edu/te
  achers/departments/edld/conf/constructionism.html
• Mergel, Brenda. (1998, May). Instructional
  Design and Learning Theory. Retrieved June 19
  from http//www.usask.ca/education/coursework/802p
  apers/mergel/brenda.htmThe20Basics20of20Constr
  uctivism
• Smith, Particia L. and Ragan, Tillman J., 1999,
  Instructional Design, John Wiley Sons, Inc.,
  New York.