Marokko

1
Marokko

• 1957 perhelaki ja
• 2004 mudawwana

2

• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vlqeff1kPsFwfeature
  channel
• Family law reform in Morocco
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vexYRSKxssc4
• EU Moroccan womens rights
• http//www.helsinki.fi/hum/aakkl/oppiaineet/Arabia
  /arabiaopiskelulinkki.htm

3

• Guide to Equality in the Family in the Maghreb.
  Womens Learning Partnership, Translation Series
  2005 (2003)
• http//www.learningpartnership.org/en/publications
  /other

4
Lain voimaansaattaminen

• 1957 laki ja 1993 lisäykset tulivat voimaan
  kuninkaan asetuksella ilman parlamentin
  käsittelyä

• 2004 laki kuninkaan asettaman komitean luonnos
  parlamentin käsittelyyn, hyväksyttiin parlamentin
  yleisistunnossa

5
Avioliiton solmiminen

• 1957 5.1
• It is a condition for the validity of the
  marriage that it be attended by two witnesses of
  good character who hear at a single session the
  offer and acceptance by the husband or his
  representative and by the guardian who is
  authorised by the wife and with her consent.

• 2004 13
• The conditions required to contract marriage are
• The legal capacity of both spouses to marry
• No intention or agreement to cancel the dower
• A marital tutor, if required
• The hearing and notarised statement by two public
  notaries of the offer and acceptance pronounced
  by the two spouses

6
avioliittoikä

• 1957
• 8 legal capacity for marriage for a boy is
  attained on completion of 18 years ()
• For a girl legal capacity is attained on
  completion of 15 years of age.
• Vertailu täysi-ikäisyys 20, äänioikeus 18,
  rikosoikeudellinen vastuu 16

• 2004
• 19 men and women acquire the capacity to marry
  when they are of sound mind and have completed 18
  full Gregorian years of age

7
Avioliittoikä, tilastoja

• Keskimääräinen avioliiton solmimisikä 26.6
  vuotta (1999)
• 15-19 vuotiaiden määrä solmituista liitoista
• 8 (1999)
• (Marokon tilastokeskus)

8
Alaikäisen avioliitto

• 1957 9 marriage before the legal age of
  discernment is dependent upon the consent of the
  guardian. If he refuses to give his consent and
  the parties persist in their wish to marry the
  matter shall be brought before the judge.

• 2004 21 the marriage of a minor is contingent
  on the consent of his/her legal tutor

9
Huoltaja - wilaya

• 1957 11 the marriage guardian in order of
  priority is the son, followed by the father or
  his agent, followed by the brother and then the
  brothers son, and then the paternal grandfather,
  then male relatives in order () these shall be
  followed by a legal guardian, then by the judge,
  then the guardianship of any Muslim on condition
  that he be male, or sound mind and of legal age.
• 2004 ei säädöksiä

10
1957 12 wilaya, jatk.

• 1.Guardianship is the right of the woman and the
  guardian shall not contract her marriage unless
  she authorises him to do so, except in the case
  of ijbar (compulsion) specified
• 2. A woman shall not make the contract herself
  but shall authorise her guardian to contract her
  marriage.

11
1957 12 wilaya, jatk.

• 4. It shall not be permitted for a guardian, even
  if he is the father, to compel his daughter who
  is of age, even if she is a virgin, to marry,
  except with her permission and consent, unless it
  is feared that the woman will fall into
  immorality in which case the judge has the right
  to compel her to marry in order that she be under
  the marital authority of a husband of equal
  status who will take care of her.

12
Dower, mahr morsiusraha

• 1957 17.2 There is no lower or upper limit to
  the dower

• 2004 28 anything that constitutes a source of
  legal commitment can serve as a dower, and the
  dower should be modest.

13
Polygamia, monivaimoisuus 1957

• (Impediments to marriage) 30.1 if it is
  feared that wives will not be treated equitably,
  polygamy shall not be permitted (vrt. Koraani
  41, 4128)
• 31 a woman has the right to stipulate in the
  marriage contract that her husband should not
  take any co-wives, and that if the husband does
  not comply with that to which he has bound
  himself the wife shall have the right to demand
  that the marriage be terminated.

14
Polygamia, 2004 laki

• Chapter II Of the temporary impediments
• 39.2 marriage to more than the legally
  authorised number of wives.
• 40 polygamy is forbidden when there is risk of
  inequality between the wives. It is also
  forbidden when the wife stipulates in marriage
  contract that her husband will not take another
  wife.
• 41 the court will not authorise polygamy
• If an exceptional and objective justification is
  not proven

15
Polygamia 2004, jatk.

• If the man does not have sufficient resources to
  support the two families and guarantee all
  maintenance rights, accommodation and equality in
  all aspects of life.
• 44 the court may authorise polygamy in a
  well-founded decision not open to appeal once it
  establishes the existence of an objective and
  exceptional justification and puts into place
  conditions benefiting the first wife and her
  children.

16
Aviopuolisoiden oikeudet ja velvollisuudet

• 1957 34 yhteiset
• 35 naisen oikeudet
• 36 miehen oikeudet

• 2004 51 yhteiset, ei erillisiä
  velvollisuuksia/ oikeuksia miehellä ja naisella

17
1957 yhteiset oikeudet 34

• Lawful cohabitation
• Good companionship, mutual respect and affection
  and the preservation of the interests of the
  family
• Mutual inheritance between spouses
• Paternity of children

18
1957 naisen oikeudet 35

• Lawful maintenance (food, clothing, medical care
  and accommodation)
• Equity and equality if the man is married to more
  than 1 wife
• The right of the wife to visit her family and to
  receive them in a conventional manner
• Complete freedom of the woman to dispose of her
  property without supervision of husband, as a
  husband has no guardianship over the property of
  his wife

19
1957 miehen oikeudet 36

• The wifes preservation of herself and of her
  chastity
• The wifes obedience to the husband in the
  conventional manner
• Suckling of her children provided she is able to
• Supervision of the household and the organisation
  of its affairs
• Respect towards husbands parents and his
  relatives in the conventional manner

20
2004 puolisoiden oikeudet

• Lawful cohabitation on basis of good conjugal
  relations, justice, equality in case of polygamy,
  mutual fidelity, virtue, and preservation of
  family honour and the children
• Mutual respect, affection
• Wife assuming with husband the responsibility of
  managing and protecting household affairs and
  childrens education
• Consultation on decisions on management of family
  affairs, children, family planning
• Good relations to both parents, hosting within
  accepted standards
• Right to inherit from each other

21
Avioero hylkäysero talaq

• 1957 Book II, Chapter 1
• 44 talaq is dissolution of marriage instigated
  by the husband or his representative or a person
  whom he apoints to do so, or by the wife if she
  holds this authority or by the judge

• 2004 70 no one should resort to dissolution of
  marriage through repudiation or divorce except in
  exceptional circumstances
• 78 repudiation is the dissolution of marriage
  excercised by husband and wife, each according to
  his/her respective conditions, under judicial
  supervision and according to provisions of this
  mudawwana

22

• 2004 79 whoever wishes to repudiate must
  petition the court for authorisation
• 81 court sends to reconcialiation
• 84 husband must give a consolation gift to wife
• Wife can stay in conjugal home during iddat
• 88 child custody payment decided

23
Avioero tuomioistuimen päätöksellä tatliq

• 1957 Perusteet 53-58 molemmille puolisoille
• Elatuksen laiminlyönti
• Sairaus tai vamma
• Vahingon tuottaminen
• Miehen poissaolo
• ila (mies vannoo ettei makaa vaimon kanssa)

• 2004 Perusteet 94-112
• Sovittamattomat riidat
• Nainen voi hakea
• 1. Mies rikkoo aviosopimuksen ehtoa
• 2. Vahingon tuottaminen
• 3. Elatuksen laiminlyönti
• 4. Miehen poissaolo
• 5. Piilevä sairaus, vamma
• 6. ila

24
Naisen ottama ero korvausta vastaan khul

• 1957 61-65
• Vain täysi-ikäisen naisen oikeus
• Ei säädä korvaus-summan ylärajaa
• Lapsille kuuluva omaisuus ei kuulu
• Ei säädöksiä varattoman naisen turvaksi

• 2004 115-120
• Sallittu ala-ikäiselle, korvaus ulkopuoliselta
• Suojelee naista pakotetulta khullta
• Kohtuullisuus
• Varattoman naisen lasten elatus mieheltä
• Korvaussumman riita oikeuden soviteltavaksi ja
  päätettäväksi