This presentation was prepared by CAT and funded by

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One World-One Environment
This presentation was prepared by CAT and funded
by The Welsh Assembly Government.
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Sustainability
What does that mean?
treating the Earth as though we intend to stay
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Sustainability is about changing the world so
that we provide for the needs of everyone on the
planet now and future generations without
destroying the environment
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Whats wrong with the world?
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One billion people live in poverty Today 1.3
billion people on Earth do not have clean
water More than seven children die each minute as
a result of water pollution. Hunger and
malnutrition cause tremendous human suffering,
kill more than five million children every
year on average 200,000 children were killed in
conflict each year between 1990 and 2000 More
than 40 per cent of the world's population live
in low-income countries - yet these countries
account for just 3 per cent of world trade. For
every dollar given to poor countries in aid, they
lose two dollars to rich countries because of
unfair trade barriers against their exports.
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What do we need?
What are the basic needs - vital for life
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What do we need to make life worth living?
Music? To be in beautiful surroundings? Companions
hip? Fun? To feel safe?
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Weve looked at Global problems and weve looked
at what we think we really need But.. Many of us
consume far more than we need Whats the impact
of all this stuff we consume?
Lets look at the life story of a very small
product
cards
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IAI website
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Where is the sugar probably from?
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Where has the plastic toy probably been made?
China?
Why?
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Dont try to include energy at this point
Factory represents any processing plant,
refinery, creamery etc.
You have got some blank cards to add other stages
you think of
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Where is energy (in the form of electricity or
fossil fuels) used in the life cycles youve
displayed?
Where is it not used?
This is the embodied energy - the energy used to
produce a material or product
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The ecological footprint is a way of expressing
our impact on the planet. It shows us the
amount of land that is used to provide us with
everything that we consume (energy, food, homes,
travelling around, the things we buy) and also to
cope with the wastes that we produce.
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These are the Eco-footprint categories of land
use - the size is not intended to represent
proportions
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So, how do they measure the Eco-footprint of
energy used?
They calculate the amount of CO2 given off in
burning a certain amount of fossil fuels and then
calculate the area of woodland needed to absorb
that CO2
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So what about the footprint of this little object
you have done the lifecycle of? - how does it
work?
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• For your little object, its ecological footprint
  would be measured by adding up the area of -
• fields of crops to produce -the cocoa, sugar and
  feed for the dairy cattle
• grazing land for the dairy cattle
• woodland for the paper
• building land for quarries, factories, roads,
  parking space, landfill sites, etc.
• energy land ( for virtually every stage in the
  process)

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Even one small object can have many different
impacts in different parts of the World What is
the footprint of all 6 billion of us on the
Planet? A footprint can be calculated for an
object, an individual, a country or for the whole
world, as long as the data exists.
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The earth has a surface area of about 51 billion
hectare. Only 15 billion hectares is land. It
has been calculated that there are about 11.4
billion hectares of bio-productive area. (a
considerable amount of the Earths surface is
rock, desert or covered with ice) So as there
are more than 6 billion of us The latest
calculations suggest that our global fair share
would be 1.8 hectares each
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Lets look at the little object a bit more closely
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Where do you think large amounts of energy have
been used?
Aluminium production?
Transport?
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How could the whole process be made more
sustainable?
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Why isnt chocolate made in West Africa?
The European Union put low tariffs (taxes) on raw
materials like cocoa but high tariffs on
processed goods from developing countries.
On top of that..
When exporting to rich countries, producers in
poor countries pay tariffs that are four times
higher than those paid by producers in other rich
countries. www.maketradefair.org
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What about using different energy sources that
have a lower impact - where could this be done?
Renewable energy?
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What about changing methods of transport? Where
could this be done?
Freight transport by train or sea has one seventh
of the eco-footprint of lorry transport (and one
thirtieth of air transport)
Shop on foot or by bike?
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What difference would recycling make? What could
be recycled?
Aluminium? Paper? Plastic?
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Which of the materials used here are finite
(could run out one day)?
In theory, aluminium. In practice it can be
endlessly recycled.
Oil, the raw material most plastics are made from.
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What about the impact of all the milk?
The eco-footprint of milk is high. Most meat
products use a lot of land in their production
but beef and dairy cattle use the most.
The EU are also dumping subsidised milk powder on
countries like Jamaica and undercutting the
prices for local dairy farmers
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What about the impact on our health of eating
sweet chocolate products?
Childhood obesity in the developed world has
almost doubled since the mid 1980's and the trend
shows no signs of stopping. The number of people
in the World whose health is affected because
they are overweight is now as great as the number
whose health is affected because they are
underweight.
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What about shopping? Which create the most jobs -
supermarkets or smaller shops?
On average, the British Retail Planning Forum
discovered in 1998 that every time a large
supermarket opens, 276 jobs are lost. The New
Economics Foundation has estimated that 50 000
spent in independent local stores creates one
job, whereas it takes 250 000 to do the same in
a supermarket.
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Where do you think there might be pollution
caused?
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What about the impact on climate change?
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What more stages might there be?
Roads and car parks for every lorry
Waste to landfill from production
Factories making lorries, machinery
And?
Warehouses
Design studios
Making fertilisers, pesticides etc - oil
factories
Banks, insurance
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Weve taken a look at the impact of one little
object. Some of these impacts can be measured by
the Eco-footprint but some of them cant
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The ecological footprint does not tell us
everything about our impact on the planet Does
not give a measure for depletion of finite
resources Does not give a measure of aesthetics
or social health impacts Does not include all
pollution (the greenhouse gases CO2, methane and
NO2 can be and are measured) Is evolving as an
analytical tool Its authors have an underlying
moral philosophy about fairness
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Thats the impact of one little object - what
about everything we consume?
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So how big is the footprint YOU make on the
world? You can find out by going to
www.myfootprint.org
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We only have 1 planet ...
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But in the UK people live as though we had 3. How
many planets are you using?
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How do Ecological Footprints vary across the
world?
For a much more detailed up to date list of
Ecological Footprint by country click here this
information is from the WWF Living Planet Report
2004
From www.ourplanet.com
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ref. wwf Living Planet report http//www.panda.org
/news_facts/publications/general/livingplanet/inde
x.cfm
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What does it mean for all of the people of the
world if even one persons footprint is more than
ONE?
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How could we reduce our footprint?
Reduce our consumption?
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From here on the slides are specific to Wales/UK.
You could use these as examples or see if you
can find any of this data for your area. You can
do the project well with out this.
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First we need to analyze what we consume in more
detail

• Lets look at Wales

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In Wales personal travel is 15 of our
Eco-footprint

• This breaks down into -
• 10 car
• 4 air
• 1 public transport

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Impact of current choices and long term planning?
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And food represents 24.5 of the footprint in
Wales
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Meat is 9.5 of our total footprint, 3 is drinks
while fruit, vegetables, bread and cereals are
only 4.
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It is possible to reduce our impact Five
households in Wales worked over a few months to
reduce their carbon footprint and 2 households
reduced it by 80