Why do people migrate

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Why do people migrate?

• Chapter 3, Key Issue 1

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Overview

• Migration permanent move to a new location
• Net migration immigration - emigration
• Scale has increased in last 100 years
• Globalization and Local diversity both involved
• Multiple reasons for migration

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Net Migration Rates
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Ravensteins Rules

• 11 migration laws by E.G. Ravenstein
• Divided into three areas
• Reasons for Migration
• Distance of Migration
• Characteristics of Migration

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Reasons for Migration

• Push and Pull factors
• Factors might be Economic, Cultural, or
  Environmental
• Often push pull factors work in tandem
• Intervening obstacles may block migration
• Economic push/pull the major factor in migration

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Economic Push-Pull Factors

• People migrate for jobs, opportunity, or the
  occasional freebie such as land or undeveloped
  raw materials
• Migration to US and Canada, to Europe from North
  Africa, cities from rural areas worldwide
• Internal and external migration patterns
• Some nations make laws to attract economic
  migrants

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Homestead Act (USA)
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Cultural Push Pull Factors

• Can be a push factor as people are forced out of
  a nation or a pull factor as people are attracted
  to another
• Refugees are an example of cultural push factors
• Settlers create cultural islands wherever they
  settle
• Chinatown in SF, Ukrainians in Canadian prairie,
  Little Italy in NYC

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Environmental Factors

• People will leave areas that are too cold, hot,
  wet, dry, etc. and migrate
• This can be internal or external
• Movement can be by desire or by environmental
  calamity
• Floods, hurricanes, etc. can lead to a permanent
  migration
• People can also move due to retirement, etc.

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Dust bowl evacuation
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Intervening Obstacles

• Bodies of water, cost, legal issues are all
  intervening obstacles that block migration
• Many are environmental
• Recent obstacles include visas and permission to
  enter a country

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Ellis Island
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Distance of Migration

• Internal Migration
• Interregional Migration
• Intraregional Migration
• International Migration
• Voluntary Migration
• Forced Migration

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Internal Migration
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International Migration
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Forced Migration
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Characteristic of Migrants

• Most tend to be male adults migrating without
  children
• Some characteristics are changing due to large
  movements of population
• Migrants tend to lack formal education
• 25-39 year old males

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US Mexico Border