Title: MS4801 Project Management Week 4: Planning
1MS4801 Project ManagementWeek 4 Planning
- Planning is an essential part of project
management. - In essence, the plan is a roadmap.
2WebCT AssignmentFirst Principles of Project
Management
- All the principles make certain assumptions
about the team players involved. For example - Everyone is working towards the same or similar
goals, whatever those might be. - Everyone is being honest with one another.
- An appropriate level of skill or experience is
available as needed. - Everyone wants the project to succeed.
- Everyone is clear and agrees on who the customer
is. - First Principles of Project Management, By R. Max
Wideman
3Step 1 Project Objective
- The first step is to define the project
objective. - The objective must be clear, attainable,
specific, and measurable. - The objective is usually defined in terms of
scope, schedule and cost.
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4Step 2 Work Breakdown Structure
- Determine what activities need to be performed.
- A list of all the activities must be developed.
- An activity is a piece of work that consumes
time. - The WBS is a hierarchical tree of end items to be
accomplished. - A work item is one small piece of the project.
- A work package is the lowest-level item.
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5Step 3 Developing the Network Plan
- After all activities have been defined, they are
graphically portrayed in a network diagram. - Two network planning techniques were developed in
the 1950s - Program evaluation and review technique (PERT)
- Critical path method (CPM)
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6Program Evaluation Review Technique
7Network Principals
- Different formats can be used to draw the
diagram - Activity in the box (AIB)
- a.k.a. activity on the node (AON)
- Activity on the arrow (AOA)
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8Build a Project Network
Node
1
3
2
Branch
- A project is made up of a sequence of activities
that form a network representing a project. - Network consists of branches nodes
9Network Diagrams
- Activity Predecessor
- A None
- B None
- C A
- D A
- E B
- F B
- G C, D, E, F
A
B
10EXERCISE Network Diagram
- Activity Predecessor
- A None
- B None
- C A,B
- D A,B
- E A,B
- F C,D
- G E
- H F
- I F,G
Construct a network diagram
11Need Duration
- Activity Predecessor
- A None
- B None
- C A
- D A
- E B
- F B
- G C, D, E, F
12Need Duration for Activities
- Activity Pred Duration
- A None 5
- B None 10
- C A 15
- D A 10
- E B 5
- F C 20
- G E 20
- H D,E,F 5
- I G 15
13Critical Path Analysis (CPM)
C,15
F,20
A,5
H,5
D,10
B,10
E,5
G,20
I,15
14Work Breakdown
15Activity-in-Node
16Activity in the Box (AIB - NODE)
- Each activity is represented by a box.
- The activity description is written in the box.
- Each box is assigned a unique activity number.
- Activities have a precedential relationship.
- Some activities may be done concurrently.
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17Activity on the Arrow (AOA)
- Each activity is represented by an arrow.
- The activity description is written above the
arrow. - The tail of the arrow designates the start of the
activity. - The head of the arrow designates the completion
of the activity. - Activities are linked by circles called events.
- An event represents the finish of activities
entering it and the start of activities leaving
it. - Each event is assigned a unique activity number.
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18Activity-on-Arrow
19Preparing the Network Diagram
- Ask the following questions regarding each
activity - Which activities must be finished immediately
before this activity can be started? - Which activities can be done concurrently with
this activity? - Which activities cannot be started until this
activity is finished?
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20Preparing the Network Diagram (Cont.)
- Should flow from left to right.
- Not drawn to a time scale.
- Can vary in how detailed the diagram should be.
- AIB vs. AOA is a matter of personal preference.
- AIB is the most common in project management
software packages.
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21County Engineers Design Department
- Activity Preceding Duration
- A) Application approval None 5
- B) Construction plans A 15
- C) Traffic study A 10
- D) Service availability check A 5
- E) Staff report B,C 15
- F) Commission approval B,C,D 10
- G) Wait for construction F 170
- H) Occupancy E,G 35
22Simple Activity on Node
Activity Preceding Duration A) Application
approval None 5 B) Construction plans A 15 C)
Traffic study A 10 D) Service avail check A 5 E)
Staff report B,C 15 F) Commission
apprvl B,C,D 10 G) Wait for construct F 170 H)
Occupancy E,G 35
23AON with Duration
Activity Preceding Duration A) Application
approval None 5 B) Construction plans A 15 C)
Traffic study A 10 D) Service avail check A 5 E)
Staff report B,C 15 F) Commission
apprvl B,C,D 10 G) Wait for construct F 170 H)
Occupancy E,G 35
24Forward Pass
- How soon can the activity start (ES)
- How soon can the activity finish (EF)
- How soon can the project be finished (TE)
Calculate Forward Pass
25Backward Pass
- How late can the activity start (LS)
- How late can the activity finish (LF)
- Which activities represent critical path (CP)
- How long can the activity be delayed (SL)
26TOOL Responsibility Matrix
- Displays in tabular format the individuals
responsible for the work items. - X can be used to indicate who is responsible.
- P indicates who has primary responsibility.
- S indicates who has secondary responsibility.
EXAMPLE
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27Responsibility Matrix e.g., Frame, Page 190
? Responsible / ? Involved / ? Informed
28TOOL Gantt Charts
- Gantt charts, or bar charts, are popular due to
their simplicity. - Activities are listed down the left-hand side.
- A time scale is shown along the bottom.
- Do not display the interrelationships of
activities. - If one activity is delayed, it is not obvious how
that will affect other activities. - Most project management software can show
interdependencies with arrows.
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29Midterm Preview