The Control of

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INTERTANKO International Association of
Independent Tanker Owners Safe Transport, Cleaner
Seas, Free Competition

• The Control of
• Volatile Organic Compounds Emissions
• from Crude Oil Tankers
• The VOCON Project

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The VOCON Project The Objectives

• Using the data already available from the
  CRUCOGSA project, compare and contrast the Vapour
  Pressure developed from cargoes at differing
  loaded conditions.
• Monitor the pressure drops during vapour releases
  in order to develop methods to limit VOC
  emissions.
• Monitor the concentration of VOC displaced during
  defined stages of loading.

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The VOCON Project The Scope of Data Collection

• Cargo quantification at load and discharge ports
• Cargo Temperatures daily during voyage
• Environmental Data every four hours during voyage
• VOC pressure release data for each vapour release
• VOC concentration during loading

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The VOCON Project Cargo Operations creating VOC
Emissions

• During Transportation
• Vapour Releases due to Volatility and Cargo
  temperature
• Inert Gas Pressure Variations
• Loading - displacement of VOC from
• Previous Cargo
• Incoming Cargo

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The VOCON Project The Reason for VOC Emissions

• EQUILIBRIUM of PRESSURE
• Equilibrium between the Cargo Vapour Pressure and
  the Maximum Operating Pressure of the Hull
  Construction (P/V Valve)
• IF Cargo Vapour Pressure Greater then Release
  follows until EQUILIBRIUM is achieved.

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VOCON ProjectIs this the Source of the Problem?
NO!
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The VOCON Project Measures for VOC Emission
Reduction

• Better Stabilisation (Reduction of Vapour
  Pressure) of Cargo for shipment
• Operational Measures for VOC Emission control
• Technical and Design Solutions for VOC Emission
  Control and Recovery

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The VOCON Project Crude Oil Stabilisation

With a Reid Vapour Pressure (RVP) above 6 psia
some degree of vapour release seems most likely
to occur
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The VOCON Project Operational Measures (1)

• The Problem
• A P/V valve will be opened at a defined pressure
  but at what pressure should it be closed? If the
  closing pressure can be determined then
  unnecessary VOC release can be avoided.
• The Physics of Gas and Vapours
• If the Saturated Vapour Pressure for the
  prevailing cargo temperature is known then the
  valve should be closed at this Pressure.

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The VOCON Project Operational Measures (2)
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The VOCON Project Operational Measures (3)
Total release time for voyage Total volume (gas)
released
4hrs 56 mins 233906 m3
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The VOCON Project An Operational Solution (1)

P/V Valve Release
Is there a need to release below the True Vapour
Pressure of the Cargo at its prevailing liquid
temperature?
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The VOCON ProjectAn Operational Solution (2)

Mast Riser Releases
The True Vapour Pressure is recognised when the
pressure decline becomes linear
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The VOCON ProjectAn Operational Solution (3)

• The VOCON Valve
• Controlled closing pressure by hydraulics from
  cargo control room
• Now used also for VOC control during loadings

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The VOCON Project An Operational Solution (4)
Simply operated equipment that can measure
prevailing TVP per ASTM Test Method
Cost Approx Euro 16,500
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The VOCON ProjectLoading Emissions (1)
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The VOCON ProjectLoading Emissions (2)
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The VOCON Project Loading Emissions (3)
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Loading VOC Emissions

• Two differing Philosophies developed
• Re-capture after VOC evolves
• Prevent VOC evolving
• Re-capture System Absorption or compress gases
  for deck storage and discharge.
• Prevent VOC evolving KVOC System

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VOC being ControlledProactively by Industry

• Thank you for your Attention
• Questions?