University Safety

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Respiratory Protection
University Safety Assurances
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What are the ten parts of a respirator program?

• Someone in charge
• Medical evaluation
• Selection
• Training
• Fit testing
• Inspection Repair
• Cleaning
• Use
• Review
• Recordkeeping

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Training Goals

• You should understand the extent of the
  requirements of a respiratory protection program.
• You should understand the limitations of the
  program and your respirator.

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Exposure

• Exposure is the concentration of air contaminant

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Types of RespiratorsTight-fitting
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Types of RespiratorsLoose-fitting
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Classes of RespiratorsPositive and Negative
Pressure

• Positive pressure
• - Negative pressure

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Positive Pressure Respirators

• When inhaling, the pressure inside the respirator
  is kept higher than outside the respirator

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Negative Pressure Respirators

• When inhaling, the pressure inside the respirator
  is less than outside the respirator

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Examples negative pressure respirators

• Filtering facepieces or Dust masks

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Disposable Particulate Respirator

• 95 efficiency rating
• Most common type in health care setting
• Lightweight
• Easy to wear
• Do not require cleaning
• Usually come in three sizes
• Can be obtained with or without an exhalation
  valve

Video clip courtesy of NIOSH. Click on link
below
http//www.uwm.edu/Dept/EHSRM/TRAINING/N95/N95_Rat
ing.mpg
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N, R or P

• Respirators Ratings
• N, if they are not resistant to oil
• R if somewhat resistant to oil, and
• P if strongly resistant (oil proof).

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Disposable Particulate Respirators

• Thus, there are nine types of disposable
  particulate respirators
• N-95, N-99, and N-100
• R-95, R-99, and R-100
• P-95, P-99, and P-100

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Surgical Masks and Disposable Respirators
Link to Video clip http//www.uwm.edu/Dept/EHSRM/
TRAINING/N95/Surgical_Mask.mpg

• Typical surgical mask is not a respirator
• Because some disposable respirators resemble
  surgical masks, it is important to understand the
  difference between them

Video clip courtesy of NIOSH
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Do surgical masks provide protection against SARS?

• Surgical masks are not designed for use as
  particulate respirators and do not provide as
  much protection as an N-95 respirator. Most
  surgical masks do not effectively filter small
  particles from air and do not prevent leakage
  around the edge of the mask when the user
  inhales.
• Surgical masks are recommended only as a last
  resort when no NIOSH-approved respirator
  equivalent to or greater than the N-95 is
  available

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SARS Virus

• The SARS virus has a shell composed of lipids,
  which are fats and oils. However, the amount of
  fat and oil in these tiny virus particles is
  extremely low and is not enough to affect the
  filter in the N-series respirator. Thus the
  N-series respirators such as N-95 will protect
  against SARS exposure.

If you wear a faceshield you must ensure that it
does not interfere with the respirators fit
Click Link Below to View Video Clip
http//www.uwm.edu/Dept/EHSRM/TRAINING/N95/Faceshi
eld.MPG
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Voluntary and Mandatory

• Voluntary Use
• See OSHA Form Required Information for
  Voluntary Use of Respirators
• Mandatory use of dust masks kicks in the full
  respirator requirements

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OSHA TB Standard

• Workers must be physically able to wear the
  respirator on the job
• Physician should establish the criteria for
  making this determination

Video clip courtesy of NIOSH. Click link below
to view
http//www.uwm.edu/Dept/EHSRM/TRAINING/N95/Physici
an.MPG
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Fit Test -- Qualitative

• Relies on the wearers subjective response to
  taste, odor or irritation
• If subject can taste substance the fit is not
  acceptable
• If subject can not taste substance an acceptable
  fit has been achieved

Video clip courtesy of NIOSH. Click on link
below to view video
http//www.uwm.edu/Dept/EHSRM/TRAINING/N95/FitTest
ing.MPG
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Fit Test - Quantitative

• The PORTACOUNT measures concentration of
  microscopic particles that exist in ambient air
  and then measures the concentration of those
  particles that leak into the respirator.

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Seal Check

• In addition to the initial fit-test, wearers must
  check the seal of their respirators every time
  they put them on
• User seal checks are necessary to ensure that the
  respirator has been put on correctly

Video clip courtesy of NIOSH. Click on link below
to view video
http//www.uwm.edu/Dept/EHSRM/TRAINING/N95/SealChe
ck.MPG
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Cleaning / Inspection

• A poorly maintained or malfunctioning respirator
  may actually be more dangerous than not wearing
  one at all.

Video clip courtesy of NIOSH. Click on link below
to view video
http//www.uwm.edu/Dept/EHSRM/TRAINING/N95/Mainten
ance.MPG
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Cleaning / Inspection

• Disposables cannot be cleaned or sanitized,
  however routine inspection is still necessary.
• Determine whether the respirator straps hold the
  respirator tightly against the face. If not,
  discard the respirator. Do not attempt to tighten
  the respirator by knotting the straps.
• Inspect the respirator to determine if it is
  soiled or damaged. If so, discard the respirator.

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Storage of Disposable N95 Half-Mask Respirator

• Store the respirator in a clean and dry location.
  Storing the respirator in a plastic sealed bag
  after use is not considered a good practice. The
  respirator may be damp after use and sealing
  prevents drying and encourages microbial growth.
  If plastic bags are used, respirators should be
  allowed to dry before storage.
• Respirators should be labeled for each worker.

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How often do disposable respirators need to be
replaced?

• Once worn in the presence of a SARS patient, the
  respirator should be considered potentially
  contaminated with infectious material, and
  touching the outside of the device should be
  avoided.
• Upon leaving the patients room, the disposable
  respirator should be removed and discarded,
  followed by hand hygiene.

http//www.cdc.gov/niosh/npptl/topics/respirators/
factsheets/respsars.html
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CDC Pandemic Flu Guidance

• What You Should Know about Using Facemasks and
  Respirators during a Flu  Pandemic
• http//www.cdc.gov/Features/MasksRespirators/

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Review

• Periodic spot checks may be made to be sure you
  are using your respirator correctly.

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Other Options

• Besides the filtering facepieces, there are other
  designs of respirators that are more effective,
  e.g. PAPR, full face
• The PAPR provides a constant, filtered airflow to
  the user's facepiece thus providing the user with
  a higher safety factor due to positive pressure
  in the mask. The cooling effect of the filtered
  airflow into the facepiece and its comfortable
  fit, prevent fogging and greatly reduces the
  pulmonary stress associated with the extended use
  of negative-pressure respirators.

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Any Questions?