FALL LINE AIR QUALITY STUDY

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FALL LINE AIR QUALITY STUDY

• Phase I Policy Workshop
• October 20, 2000

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FAQS Project Team

• Dr. Michael Chang
• Dr. C.S. Kiang
• Dr. Bill Chameides
• Dr. Ted Russell
• Dr. Karsten Baumann
• Dr. Rodney Weber
• Dr. Michael Bergin
• Dr. Doug Worsnop
• Dr. Don Blake
• Dr. Jing Zhao
• Dr. Doug Orsini
• Dr. Kip Carrico

• Dr. Mike Baker
• Dr. Jose Jimenez
• Dr. Manjula Carnagaratna
• Mr. Frank Ift
• Mr. Roby Greenwald
• Mr. Jin Xu
• Ms. Yilin Ma
• Ms. Amy Sullivan
• Mr. Wes Younger
• Mr. Brian Jaynes
• Mr. Danny Dipasquale

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• FAQS Phase I seeks answers/clues to these 5
  questions
• What is the relationship between the region and
  the Fall Line cities w.r.t. ozone?
• How much do Macon, Augusta, and Columbus
  contribute to ambient ozone loads?
• What do the other chemical data suggest about
  the character of ozone formation in the 3 cities?
• What do the data suggest about the
  concentration, composition, and impacts of fine
  particulate in the 3 cities?
• What is the relationship between ozone and PM?

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Georgias Air Quality Climate
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Regional Relationships
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• FAQS Phase I seeks answers/clues to these 5
  questions
• What is the relationship between the region and
  the Fall Line cities w.r.t. ozone?
• How much do Macon, Augusta, and Columbus
  contribute to ambient ozone loads?
• What do the other chemical data suggest about
  the character of ozone formation in the 3 cities?
• What do the data suggest about the
  concentration, composition, and impacts of fine
  particulate in the 3 cities?
• What is the relationship between ozone and PM?

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Local Relationships
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Ozone Air Quality as a Function of Wind Speed and
DirectionMacon, Georgia 1997-1999
N
NE
NW
Good Moderate Unhealthy for Sensitive
Groups Unhealthy
E
W
Wind Speed (mph)
SW
SE
S
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Ozone Air Quality as a Function of Wind Speed and
DirectionAugusta, Georgia 1997-1999
N
NE
NW
Good Moderate Unhealthy for Sensitive
Groups Unhealthy
Wind Speed (mph)
E
W
SW
SE
S
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Ozone Air Quality as a Function of Wind Speed and
DirectionColumbus Airport, Georgia 1997-1999
N
NE
NW
Good Moderate Unhealthy for Sensitive
Groups Unhealthy
E
W
Wind Speed (mph)
SW
SE
S
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Ozone Air Quality as a Function of Wind Speed and
DirectionColumbus Crime Lab, Georgia 1997-1999
N
NE
NW
Good Moderate Unhealthy for Sensitive
Groups Unhealthy
E
W
Wind Speed (mph)
SW
SE
S
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• FAQS Phase I seeks answers/clues to these 5
  questions
• What is the relationship between the region and
  the Fall Line cities w.r.t. ozone?
• How much do Macon, Augusta, and Columbus
  contribute to ambient ozone loads?
• What do the other chemical data suggest about
  the character of ozone formation in the 3 cities?
• What do the data suggest about the
  concentration, composition, and impacts of fine
  particulate in the 3 cities?
• What is the relationship between ozone and PM?

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Other Chemical Data
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Observations from the Air Quality Trailer
Macon Augusta Columbus
Wind Spd. Ozone
Periodicity ? daily cycle of ozone (low in AM,
high in PM), and winds
(lighter in early AM, peaking in early PM)
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Observations from the Air Quality Trailer
Macon Augusta Columbus
Spikes ? plume influence
CO SO2
Bimodal ? rush hour influence
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NO/NOy Ratios observed in Macon and Columbus
Macon Columbus
High NO/NOy ? Fresh Emissions and air in chemical
transition Low NO/NOy ? Chemically stable air
mass
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Eyeball Analysis of VOC Data(10/20/2000)

• Average total hydrocarbons observed in 3 FAQS
  Cities 70 ppbC
• Average total isoprene observed in 3 FAQS cities
  3 ppbC (4 of total HC)
• Based on our experience in Atlanta where isoprene
  is only 2 to 3 of the total HC load yet still
  dominates the HC reactivity, the preliminary
  indication suggests that NOx controls will likely
  be needed to address air quality in the Fall
  Line cities.

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• FAQS Phase I seeks answers/clues to these 5
  questions
• What is the relationship between the region and
  the Fall Line cities w.r.t. ozone?
• How much do Macon, Augusta, and Columbus
  contribute to ambient ozone loads?
• What do the other chemical data suggest about
  the character of ozone formation in the 3 cities?
• What do the data suggest about the
  concentration, composition, and impacts of fine
  particulate in the 3 cities?
• What is the relationship between ozone and PM?

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Fine Particulate Matter

• Concentrations, Composition, and Effects

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Average Composition of Fine Particulate
Matter Observed During FAQS Phase I
Macon (Sandy Beach)
Columbus (Oxbow)
Columbus (Water Works)
Unidentified
Other Elements
NH4
Organic Compounds
NO3
Elemental Carbon
SO4
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• FAQS Phase I seeks answers/clues to these 5
  questions
• What is the relationship between the region and
  the Fall Line cities w.r.t. ozone?
• How much do Macon, Augusta, and Columbus
  contribute to ambient ozone loads?
• What do the other chemical data suggest about
  the character of ozone formation in the 3 cities?
• What do the data suggest about the
  concentration, composition, and impacts of fine
  particulate in the 3 cities?
• What is the relationship between ozone and PM?

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Relationship between Ozone and PM
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• FAQS Phase I seeks answers/clues to these 5
  questions
• What is the relationship between the region and
  the Fall Line cities w.r.t. ozone?
• How much do Macon, Augusta, and Columbus
  contribute to ambient ozone loads?
• What do the other chemical data suggest about
  the character of ozone formation in the 3 cities?
• What do the data suggest about the
  concentration, composition, and impacts of fine
  particulate in the 3 cities?
• What is the relationship between ozone and PM?

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What it all means Forming hypotheses for ozone
in Macon, Augusta, and Columbus

• Between 1997 and 1999, the highest ozone
  concentrations in Macon, Augusta, and Columbus
  were frequently associated with light winds
  suggesting that transport of pollutants from
  other areas may not be significant.

Macon
Augusta
Columbus
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What it all means Forming hypotheses

• Ozone concentrations observed in Augusta and
  Columbus seem to rise and ebb at the same time as
  ozone concentrations observed at Georgias lone
  rural monitoring station suggesting that regional
  factors may influence local ozone concentrations
  and/or local factors may influence regional ozone
  concentrations.

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What it all means Forming hypotheses

• There seems to be a direct relationship between
  ozone concentrations observed in Macon with those
  observed in Atlanta. This might suggest an ozone
  subregion generally along the I-75 corridor and
  nested within the larger primary region to which
  Columbus, Augusta, and Leslie belong.

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What it all means Other Findings

• Total hydrocarbon concentrations and isoprene
  fractions observed in the three cities were
  similar in relative magnitude to those observed
  in previous studies of Atlanta suggesting
  controls on NOx emissions may be needed to reduce
  ozone concentrations
• Fine particulate matter was observed to be
  composed largely of organic carbon and sulfates.

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Whats next?

• December 2000 Phase I Report - Final Analyses
  from the 2000 pilot study
• January-May Phase II - Plan experiment to test
  hypotheses. Begin developing emission inventory.
• Summer 2001 Phase III - Conduct experiment to
  test hypotheses. Complete emission inventory.

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