Diseases of the Heart

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Diseases of the Heart
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Heart Attack
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Congestive Heart Failure

• heart valve disease caused by past rheumatic
  fever or other infections
• infections of the heart valves and/or heart
  muscle (i.e., endocarditis)
• cardiac arrhythmias (irregular heartbeats)
• cardiomyopathy, or another primary disease of the
  heart muscle
• chronic lung disease
• anemia
• high blood pressure (hypertension)
• hemorrhage (excessive bleeding)

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Congestive Heart Failure
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Valve Disease
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The larger left ventricle (LV) is seen at left,
the (rounded) left atrium (LA) to the bottom
right, and the aorta (AO)  just above the left
atrium.  The leaflets of the mitral valve may be
seen moving toward the left ventricle as blood
flows from the atrium to the ventricle.  The
aortic valve may be seen opening into the aorta
as blood is pumped out of the ventricle into the
aorta.
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Dilated Cardiomyopathy
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Dilated Cardiomyopathy

• Dilated cardiomyopathy involves enlargement of
  the heart muscle and is the most common type of
  cardiomyopathy. The heart muscle is weakened and
  cannot pump blood efficiently. Decreased heart
  function affects the lungs, liver, and other body
  systems.

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Cor Pulmonale
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Cor Pulmonale
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Arrhythmias
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Arrhythmias
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Prolonged QT Syndrome
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Prolonged QT Syndrome

• Abnormal heartbeats (cardiac arrhythmias) are a
  primary cause of sudden death, especially in the
  young population.
• In the United States, an estimated 1 in 300,000
  individuals per year die suddenly due to
  irregular heart rhythms.
• One of the better understood causes of these
  arrhythmias is LQTS.

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Prolonged QT Syndrome

• Problems exist in diagnosing LQTS.
• Although the method of diagnosis is the
  electrocardiogram, most young, healthy people do
  not routinely undergo this test
• Thus, their first, and possibly fatal, episode of
  LQTS comes without warning.

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Prolonged QT Syndrome