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ENVIRONMENTAL INSPECTION in the PHILIPPINES

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Title: ENVIRONMENTAL INSPECTION in the PHILIPPINES


1
ENVIRONMENTAL INSPECTION in the PHILIPPINES
  • Engr. Virgilio F. Fabronero, Ch.E, M.E in Ch.E
  • Sr. Environmental Mgt. Specialist
  • Chief, Planning and Mgt. Information Section
  • Environmental Management Bureau Reg. 6
  • Iloilo City, Philippines

2
Six (6) major environmental laws
  • DENR Organization (E.O. 192, as amended)
  • Created the Environmental Management Bureau. The
    responsibilities and authorities of EMB have been
    expanded by subsequent laws on air, water, haz
    waste, etc.
  • Toxic Substances and Hazardous Waste and Nuclear
    waste Control Act (R.A 6969).
  • An act to control toxic substances and hazardous
    and nuclear waste, providing penalties for
    violation thereof, and for other purposes.
  • Philippine Clean Air Act (R.A 8749)
  • An act providing for a comprehensive Air
    Pollution Control Policy and for other purposes.
  • Clean Water Act of 2004 (R.A 9275)
  • An act providing for a comprehensive water
    quality management and for other purposes. To
    pursue a policy of economic growth in a manner
    consistent with the protection, preservation and
    revival of the quality of fresh, brackish and
    marine water.

3
Six (6) major environmental laws
  • Ecological Solid Waste Management Act (R.A 9003)
  • An act providing for an ecological solid waste
    management program creating the necessary
    institutional mechanism and incentives, declaring
    certain acts prohibited and providing penalties,
    and for other purposes.
  • Philippine Environmental Impact Statement System
    (PD 1586)
  • Establishing an environmental impact statement
    (EIS) system including environmental management
    related measures and for other purposes.

4
Manpower complement
  • Regional Office
  • 17 Plantilla personnel
  • 12 Transferred DENR personnel
  • 18 Complement DENR personnel comprises of the
    following
  • PENROS (Technical)
  • 1 in Aklan
  • 1 in Antique
  • 1 in Capiz
  • 1 in Iloilo
  • 1 in Guimaras
  • 2 in Negros Occ.
  • CENROS (Technical)
  • 1 in every CENRO or a total of 11

Out of the above detailed personnel, only 3 has
an engineering education.
5
EMB Region 6 Profile
  • As of December 2006
  • Total No. of Registered Industries 843
  • Some of these industries have both air, water and
    hazardous waste concern.
  • 819 AIR Pollutive Firms
  • 316 WATER Pollutive Firms
  • 118 both with air and water pollutive firms
  • 14 Sugar Mills
  • 4 Distilleries
  • 1 Brewery
  • 5 Soft drink (Beverage) Factory
  • 10 Piggeries
  • 6 Marine Product Processing (Frozen Food)
  • Slaughterhouses
  • Rice and Feed Milling
  • 84 Registered Hazardous Waste Generator

6
EMB Region 6 Profile
Operational Constraints
  • Lack of technical manpower
  • Structural Problem
  • Inconsistent and insufficient reports, more
    particularly
  • Inspection and Monitoring Reports
  • Need for retooling of EMS Specialists in the
    Field
  • Need for additional vehicles due to the
    geographic location
  • of the provinces

7
Current practice in the Conduct of Inspection
  • Inspection is being conducted as a regular
    activity.
  • Monitoring of compliance to PAB Orders.
  • Complaints.
  • Validation of Self Monitoring Reports.
  • Inspection is being conducted by PENRO and CENRO
    EMS Specialists.

8
Problems/Gaps Identified
  • Inspection Reports
  • Inspectors Capability
  • Targeting
  • Analytical Quality and Laboratory Capacity
  • Compliance to Commitments during Technical
    Conferences
  • Increase in Rate of Inspection

9
  • Problem areas
  • Findings/recommendations are very insufficient
    that failed to show the actual picture of company
    operations and detailed environmental conditions.
  • Inspection report format does not shows specific
    data requirements to guide field inspector to
    have a focus area during inspection.
  • Insufficiency of information sometimes will lead
    to another inspection.
  • Insufficiency of information could affects
    management in decision making.

10
RECOMMENDED IMPROVEMENTS TO STRENGTHEN
INSPECTORS INSPECTION REPORTS
  • Develop a multimedia checklist that will
    guide/remind the Inspectors on the vital
    information that will be included in the
    narrative report (findings and recommendations
    part) and in elaborating such portion of the
    report
  • The multimedia checklist shall track compliance
    to permit conditions, standards, shall contain
    compliance to existing regulations
  • The checklist shall contain vital information not
    found in the Inspection Report format which can
    be a vital information for PAB, on special cases
    only
  • The checklist can be a planning tool which can
    guide the management in future decision making
  • The checklist is a separate document from the
    Inspection report. Procedures on how the
    documents shall be generated and used shall be
    prepared by EMB 6

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14
Summary
  • Checklist
  • Data requirements will focus more on that
    specific industry and will cover tri-media (air,
    water, hazardous waste) concern for one
    inspection activities which will reduce cost.
  • It can guide the inspector in conducting a
    walkthrough.
  • In conducting inspection it could provide the
    entire spectrum of its operation and compliance
    with the environmental laws based on the data
    required in the checklist.
  • The checklist guide/remind the inspector on what
    they need to address in preparing a narrative
    report specific for such industry.
  • It could be used as basis in elaborating their
    findings and recommendations when preparing the
    inspection report.
  • Able to provide substantial data which can be
    used in the emission inventory.

15
Problem of doing Inspection in Sugar Mills
  • Delayed entry.
  • Unfamiliarity with the process operation involved
    leading to the non-identification of sources
    (both air and water).
  • Sampling protocol to be used.
  • Identification of sampling points specifically on
    receiving body of water

16
Specific pollution problem for Sugar Mills
  • Identification of the different sources of
    wastewater from raw cane input to raw sugar
    output and its corresponding pollutants.
  • Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Dissolved Oxygen
    (D.O), pH, Temperature, TDS, TSS, Oil and Grease
  • Identification of the different sources of air
    emission from raw cane input to raw or refined
    sugar output and its corresponding pollutants.
  • Particulate Matters (Bagasse from bagasse shed,
    Ash from boilers)
  • Molasses Tank Yard (Spillage)
  • Sugar Spillage
  • Lime Mixing Tank Spillage

17
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18
Specific pollution problem for Sugar Mills
  • Airborne Bagasse from bagasse shed and ash
    emission from boilers.
  • Oil and Grease from the Roller Mill.
  • Ash Laden Water from Air Pollution Control
    Facility (If using wet type System).
  • Operation of Wastewater
  • Presence of scum
  • Color of the wastewater from each stages
  • Point of discharge
  • Presence of bypass canal
  • Condenser water (high temp., contaminated with
    sugar)

19
Sampling
  • Water (minimum 4 samples)
  • Influent and Effluent as minimum requirements.
  • If to check the WTF efficiency, take sample at
    each stages.
  • Upstream and downstream of the receiving body of
    water (upstream 10 to 20 meters, and at the
    mixing zone for the downstream of the discharge
    point ).

20
Sampling
  • Air (minimum 2 trials per stack for each
    parameter)
  • Stack sampling using method 5 equipment (if no
    other fuel type used settle for TSP, SO2 if used
    oil is being recycled in the boiler) for each
    stack.
  • Use discrete opacity observation using Ringelmann
    chart (use only on routine inspection)
  • Use ambient sampler for TSP at the downwind area
    if necessary from bagasse shed.

21
Pollution Control Facility
  • Air
  • Multi-cyclone (Dry and Wet Type) serving the
    boiler
  • Wastewater
  • Lagoon System (stabilization pond)
  • Anaerobic pond and aerobic pond
  • Facultative Pond
  • Maturation Pond
  • Activated Sludge Process (conventional)
  • Impounding pond for irrigation purposes
  • Spray pond for condenser water.
  • Oil water Separator for oil laden waste

22
Sample Field Analysis
  • Dissolved Oxygen using equipment or titration
    method.
  • pH use of pH meter
  • Temperature using mercury field thermometer or
    equipment

23
Piggery Production
  • Pollution Problem
  • If with feed mill component
  • Feed mill dust
  • Without feed mill component
  • From pig houses
  • Washing, spilled feeds, urine and manure (form
    part of the wastewater)
  • Pig mortalities, used vaccine vials and syringes
    (Solid Waste)

24
Piggery production
  • Sampling
  • Wastewater minimum of 4 samples
  • Influent and effluent
  • Upstream and downstream of receiving body of
    water.
  • Source of water (for computation of load base
    fee)
  • Note
  • it is the policy of the office to conduct
    inspection on 1 piggery in one day to avoid
    contamination with other piggery.

25
Piggery Production
  • Pollution Control Facilities
  • Feed mill dust Cyclone and Filter bags
  • Wastewater
  • Lagoon System (stabilization pond)
  • Biogas Digester followed by stabilization pond
  • Solid Waste
  • Septic Tank for pig mortality with lime
    application.
  • Vaulting method for vials and syringes.

26
Alcohol Distillery
  • Air Emission
  • Carbon dioxide emission during fermentation
  • Dependent on the fuel used in the boiler (Ash,
    SO2, NO2.
  • Dust emission from the coal yard
  • Solid Waste Generation
  • Sludge from the fermenter (spent yeast)
  • Wastewater
  • Slops from distillation process
  • Spilled molasses from molasses tank farm

27
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28
Sampling
  • Air emission
  • 2 trials for every stack in terms of TSP, SO2,
    NO2 (using bunker and coal as fuel combined with
    Biogas methane).
  • Stack sampling using method 1 to 8 SST equipment
  • Use discrete opacity observation using Ringelmann
    chart (use only on routine inspection).
  • Use ambient sampler for TSP and SO2 at the
    downwind area if necessary from coal yard if it
    uses coal as fuel.
  • Note Stack sampling port should be located
    within the 2 times inside diameter from the top
    of the stack and 5 to 8 times inside diameter
    from the breach.

29
Sampling Port Location
2 times inside diameter
Sampling port
5 to 8 times inside diameter
From boiler
Stack
30
Sampling
  • Water (minimum 4 samples)
  • Influent and Effluent as minimum requirements.
  • If to check the WTF efficiency, take sample at
    each stages.
  • Upstream and downstream of the receiving body of
    water (upstream 10 to 20 meters, and at the
    mixing zone for the downstream of the discharge
    point if discharge into the sea the distance is
    dependent on the results of the model to which
    additional sampling point is located at the
    coastal area).
  • Sampling is also taken from the water source to
    be used for the computation of load base fee (as
    required by our Clean Water Act.

31
Pollution control facilities
  • Wastewater
  • Conventional activated sludge process.
  • Extended aeration activated sludge process using
    UASB to recover the Methane Gas as secondary fuel
    to the boiler and using combined surface and
    diffused aerators.
  • Use surface wetland as final treatment prior to
    discharge into the receiving body of water.
  • Wastewater after treatment is used for
    irrigation/fertilization of sugarcane field.
  • Air
  • Multi-cyclone Dry type serving the boiler.
  • CO2 is being reprocess for soft drink used.
  • Spent yeast is being recovered for feeds raw
    materials

32
Air Pollution Standard for Source Specific
33
Effluent Quality Standard
34
Effluent Quality Standard for strong waste
35
Other problems
  • Safety
  • Use of safety paraphernalia's
  • Rely on the equipment that is being provided by
    the company such as safety shoes.
  • Hard hat
  • Gloves
  • Stack ladder is being provided with guard
    railings.
  • Mask
  • Ear plug

36
Summary
  • Inspection
  • Use of Senses Sight, smell, taste and others to
    observe any changes in the environment.
  • Look for the initial point of wastewater
    generation and drainage canal (where does it
    leads to?).
  • Observed WTPs operation on each stages (changes
    in color, presence of scum, motor operation,
    etc.).
  • Any given information (Verbal or written) should
    be validated through actual observation.
  • Process Review What source(s) emit(s) or
    Discharges What pollutants.
  • Refer to the schematic/flow diagram or water
    balance sheet.
  • Use of sampling and testing instrument To
    determine not only WHAT but also HOW MUCH.

37
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