Title: ENVIRONMENTAL INSPECTION in the PHILIPPINES
1ENVIRONMENTAL INSPECTION in the PHILIPPINES
- Engr. Virgilio F. Fabronero, Ch.E, M.E in Ch.E
- Sr. Environmental Mgt. Specialist
- Chief, Planning and Mgt. Information Section
- Environmental Management Bureau Reg. 6
- Iloilo City, Philippines
2Six (6) major environmental laws
- DENR Organization (E.O. 192, as amended)
- Created the Environmental Management Bureau. The
responsibilities and authorities of EMB have been
expanded by subsequent laws on air, water, haz
waste, etc. - Toxic Substances and Hazardous Waste and Nuclear
waste Control Act (R.A 6969). - An act to control toxic substances and hazardous
and nuclear waste, providing penalties for
violation thereof, and for other purposes. - Philippine Clean Air Act (R.A 8749)
- An act providing for a comprehensive Air
Pollution Control Policy and for other purposes. - Clean Water Act of 2004 (R.A 9275)
- An act providing for a comprehensive water
quality management and for other purposes. To
pursue a policy of economic growth in a manner
consistent with the protection, preservation and
revival of the quality of fresh, brackish and
marine water.
3Six (6) major environmental laws
- Ecological Solid Waste Management Act (R.A 9003)
- An act providing for an ecological solid waste
management program creating the necessary
institutional mechanism and incentives, declaring
certain acts prohibited and providing penalties,
and for other purposes. - Philippine Environmental Impact Statement System
(PD 1586) - Establishing an environmental impact statement
(EIS) system including environmental management
related measures and for other purposes.
4 Manpower complement
- Regional Office
- 17 Plantilla personnel
- 12 Transferred DENR personnel
- 18 Complement DENR personnel comprises of the
following
- PENROS (Technical)
- 1 in Aklan
- 1 in Antique
- 1 in Capiz
- 1 in Iloilo
- 1 in Guimaras
- 2 in Negros Occ.
- CENROS (Technical)
- 1 in every CENRO or a total of 11
Out of the above detailed personnel, only 3 has
an engineering education.
5EMB Region 6 Profile
- As of December 2006
- Total No. of Registered Industries 843
- Some of these industries have both air, water and
hazardous waste concern. - 819 AIR Pollutive Firms
- 316 WATER Pollutive Firms
- 118 both with air and water pollutive firms
- 14 Sugar Mills
- 4 Distilleries
- 1 Brewery
- 5 Soft drink (Beverage) Factory
- 10 Piggeries
- 6 Marine Product Processing (Frozen Food)
- Slaughterhouses
- Rice and Feed Milling
- 84 Registered Hazardous Waste Generator
6 EMB Region 6 Profile
Operational Constraints
- Lack of technical manpower
- Structural Problem
- Inconsistent and insufficient reports, more
particularly - Inspection and Monitoring Reports
- Need for retooling of EMS Specialists in the
Field - Need for additional vehicles due to the
geographic location - of the provinces
7Current practice in the Conduct of Inspection
- Inspection is being conducted as a regular
activity. - Monitoring of compliance to PAB Orders.
- Complaints.
- Validation of Self Monitoring Reports.
- Inspection is being conducted by PENRO and CENRO
EMS Specialists.
8 Problems/Gaps Identified
- Inspection Reports
- Inspectors Capability
- Targeting
- Analytical Quality and Laboratory Capacity
- Compliance to Commitments during Technical
Conferences - Increase in Rate of Inspection
9- Findings/recommendations are very insufficient
that failed to show the actual picture of company
operations and detailed environmental conditions. - Inspection report format does not shows specific
data requirements to guide field inspector to
have a focus area during inspection. - Insufficiency of information sometimes will lead
to another inspection. -
- Insufficiency of information could affects
management in decision making.
10RECOMMENDED IMPROVEMENTS TO STRENGTHEN
INSPECTORS INSPECTION REPORTS
- Develop a multimedia checklist that will
guide/remind the Inspectors on the vital
information that will be included in the
narrative report (findings and recommendations
part) and in elaborating such portion of the
report - The multimedia checklist shall track compliance
to permit conditions, standards, shall contain
compliance to existing regulations - The checklist shall contain vital information not
found in the Inspection Report format which can
be a vital information for PAB, on special cases
only - The checklist can be a planning tool which can
guide the management in future decision making - The checklist is a separate document from the
Inspection report. Procedures on how the
documents shall be generated and used shall be
prepared by EMB 6
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14Summary
- Checklist
- Data requirements will focus more on that
specific industry and will cover tri-media (air,
water, hazardous waste) concern for one
inspection activities which will reduce cost. - It can guide the inspector in conducting a
walkthrough. - In conducting inspection it could provide the
entire spectrum of its operation and compliance
with the environmental laws based on the data
required in the checklist. - The checklist guide/remind the inspector on what
they need to address in preparing a narrative
report specific for such industry. - It could be used as basis in elaborating their
findings and recommendations when preparing the
inspection report. - Able to provide substantial data which can be
used in the emission inventory.
15Problem of doing Inspection in Sugar Mills
- Delayed entry.
- Unfamiliarity with the process operation involved
leading to the non-identification of sources
(both air and water). - Sampling protocol to be used.
- Identification of sampling points specifically on
receiving body of water
16Specific pollution problem for Sugar Mills
- Identification of the different sources of
wastewater from raw cane input to raw sugar
output and its corresponding pollutants. - Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Dissolved Oxygen
(D.O), pH, Temperature, TDS, TSS, Oil and Grease - Identification of the different sources of air
emission from raw cane input to raw or refined
sugar output and its corresponding pollutants. - Particulate Matters (Bagasse from bagasse shed,
Ash from boilers) - Molasses Tank Yard (Spillage)
- Sugar Spillage
- Lime Mixing Tank Spillage
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18Specific pollution problem for Sugar Mills
- Airborne Bagasse from bagasse shed and ash
emission from boilers. - Oil and Grease from the Roller Mill.
- Ash Laden Water from Air Pollution Control
Facility (If using wet type System). - Operation of Wastewater
- Presence of scum
- Color of the wastewater from each stages
- Point of discharge
- Presence of bypass canal
- Condenser water (high temp., contaminated with
sugar)
19Sampling
- Water (minimum 4 samples)
- Influent and Effluent as minimum requirements.
- If to check the WTF efficiency, take sample at
each stages. - Upstream and downstream of the receiving body of
water (upstream 10 to 20 meters, and at the
mixing zone for the downstream of the discharge
point ).
20Sampling
- Air (minimum 2 trials per stack for each
parameter) - Stack sampling using method 5 equipment (if no
other fuel type used settle for TSP, SO2 if used
oil is being recycled in the boiler) for each
stack. - Use discrete opacity observation using Ringelmann
chart (use only on routine inspection) - Use ambient sampler for TSP at the downwind area
if necessary from bagasse shed.
21Pollution Control Facility
- Air
- Multi-cyclone (Dry and Wet Type) serving the
boiler
- Wastewater
- Lagoon System (stabilization pond)
- Anaerobic pond and aerobic pond
- Facultative Pond
- Maturation Pond
- Activated Sludge Process (conventional)
- Impounding pond for irrigation purposes
- Spray pond for condenser water.
- Oil water Separator for oil laden waste
22Sample Field Analysis
- Dissolved Oxygen using equipment or titration
method. - pH use of pH meter
- Temperature using mercury field thermometer or
equipment
23Piggery Production
- Pollution Problem
- If with feed mill component
- Feed mill dust
- Without feed mill component
- From pig houses
- Washing, spilled feeds, urine and manure (form
part of the wastewater) - Pig mortalities, used vaccine vials and syringes
(Solid Waste)
24Piggery production
- Sampling
- Wastewater minimum of 4 samples
- Influent and effluent
- Upstream and downstream of receiving body of
water. - Source of water (for computation of load base
fee) - Note
- it is the policy of the office to conduct
inspection on 1 piggery in one day to avoid
contamination with other piggery.
25Piggery Production
- Pollution Control Facilities
- Feed mill dust Cyclone and Filter bags
- Wastewater
- Lagoon System (stabilization pond)
- Biogas Digester followed by stabilization pond
- Solid Waste
- Septic Tank for pig mortality with lime
application. - Vaulting method for vials and syringes.
26Alcohol Distillery
- Air Emission
- Carbon dioxide emission during fermentation
- Dependent on the fuel used in the boiler (Ash,
SO2, NO2. - Dust emission from the coal yard
- Solid Waste Generation
- Sludge from the fermenter (spent yeast)
- Wastewater
- Slops from distillation process
- Spilled molasses from molasses tank farm
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28Sampling
- Air emission
- 2 trials for every stack in terms of TSP, SO2,
NO2 (using bunker and coal as fuel combined with
Biogas methane). - Stack sampling using method 1 to 8 SST equipment
- Use discrete opacity observation using Ringelmann
chart (use only on routine inspection). - Use ambient sampler for TSP and SO2 at the
downwind area if necessary from coal yard if it
uses coal as fuel. - Note Stack sampling port should be located
within the 2 times inside diameter from the top
of the stack and 5 to 8 times inside diameter
from the breach.
29Sampling Port Location
2 times inside diameter
Sampling port
5 to 8 times inside diameter
From boiler
Stack
30Sampling
- Water (minimum 4 samples)
- Influent and Effluent as minimum requirements.
- If to check the WTF efficiency, take sample at
each stages. - Upstream and downstream of the receiving body of
water (upstream 10 to 20 meters, and at the
mixing zone for the downstream of the discharge
point if discharge into the sea the distance is
dependent on the results of the model to which
additional sampling point is located at the
coastal area). - Sampling is also taken from the water source to
be used for the computation of load base fee (as
required by our Clean Water Act.
31Pollution control facilities
- Wastewater
- Conventional activated sludge process.
- Extended aeration activated sludge process using
UASB to recover the Methane Gas as secondary fuel
to the boiler and using combined surface and
diffused aerators. - Use surface wetland as final treatment prior to
discharge into the receiving body of water. - Wastewater after treatment is used for
irrigation/fertilization of sugarcane field.
- Air
- Multi-cyclone Dry type serving the boiler.
- CO2 is being reprocess for soft drink used.
- Spent yeast is being recovered for feeds raw
materials
32Air Pollution Standard for Source Specific
33Effluent Quality Standard
34Effluent Quality Standard for strong waste
35Other problems
- Safety
- Use of safety paraphernalia's
- Rely on the equipment that is being provided by
the company such as safety shoes. - Hard hat
- Gloves
- Stack ladder is being provided with guard
railings. - Mask
- Ear plug
36Summary
- Inspection
- Use of Senses Sight, smell, taste and others to
observe any changes in the environment. - Look for the initial point of wastewater
generation and drainage canal (where does it
leads to?). - Observed WTPs operation on each stages (changes
in color, presence of scum, motor operation,
etc.). - Any given information (Verbal or written) should
be validated through actual observation. - Process Review What source(s) emit(s) or
Discharges What pollutants. - Refer to the schematic/flow diagram or water
balance sheet. - Use of sampling and testing instrument To
determine not only WHAT but also HOW MUCH.
37Thank You