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Environmental Legislation

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Environmental Legislation & Regulations Professor Natalie Carroll ASM 336 September 18, 2005 Who governs environmental laws and policies? US Environmental Protection ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Environmental Legislation


1
Environmental Legislation Regulations
  • Professor Natalie Carroll
  • ASM 336
  • September 18, 2005

2
Who governs environmental laws and policies?
  • US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) The
    governing body for major statues or laws
  • National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA)-1969
    establishes policies, set goals and facilitate
    the implementation of such policies
  • NEPA requires federal agencies to assess
    environmental impact of implementing their major
    program (Work with NASA Army)

3
Positive Aspects of Regulations
  • Protection of the Environment

4
Concerns about Regulations
  • Structured so costs excessive compared to
    benefits.
  • Command-and-control
  • US Free Market Choice
  • Uneven application of regulations
  • Lack properly structured incentives
  • Generate inefficiencies
  • Paper work, costs
  • Duplicative (Federal, State, etc)

5
Environmental Regulations
  • Clean Air Act (CAA)-1970
  • Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)-1974
  • Clean Water Act (CWA)-1977
  • Resource Conservation Recovery Act (RCRA)
    -1976
  • Comprehensive Environmental Response,
    Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA)-1980
  • Federal Insecticide, Fungicide Rodenticide Act
    (FIFRA) -1972
  • Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA) -1996

6
Clean Air Act (CAA) - 1970
  • Diesel Engines
  • Odor

7
Safe Drinking Water Act
  • Protect nations sources of drinking water
  • Protect public health through treatment
    techniques
  • MCLs Maximum Contaminant Level
  • Protect underground sources of drinking water
  • Well Head protection areas

8
Clean Water Act (1972)
  • Water Pollution Control
  • Restore maintain chemical, physical and
    biological integrity of the nations waters
  • Community sewers
  • NPS pollution control (TMDLs!!!)
  • National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
    (NPDES)

9
Resource Conservation Recovery Act (RCRA)
  • Hazardous Waste
  • Underground tanks
  • Control Solid Waste
  • Regulation of facilities which burn waste

10
Comprehensive Environment Response, Compensation
and Liability Act (CERCLA)
  • Also known as the Superfund
  • Establish a Hazardous Substance
  • Superfund
  • Establish regulations controlling hazardous
    waste sites
  • Provide liability for hazardous waste release
    from inactive sites

11
Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act
(SARA)-1986
  • Revise and extends CERCLA
  • Emergency planning preparedness, community
    right-to-know reporting and toxic chemical
    release reporting
  • Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)

12
Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide
Act (FIFRA)
  • Regulates the use and safety of pesticides
    products and features
  • Classification and certification of pesticide by
    specific use
  • Evaluation of risk posed by pesticides (Required
    for registration)
  • Restriction of use of pesticides harmful to the
    environment
  • Enforcement of requirements through inspections,
    labeling, notices and state regulations
  • Groundwater management plan

13
Additional Regulations
  • Wild and Scenic Rivers Act
  • -establishes wild and scenic river system
  • Coastal Zone Management Act (CZMA)
  • - balanced preservation development in
    coastal areas
  • Endangered Species Act
  • - conserve endangered and threatened species

14
Additional Regulations
  • Marine Protection, Research and Sanctuaries Act
  • - regulates dumping of all types of materials
    into ocean
  • Toxic Substance Control Act (TSCA)
  • - sets up toxic substances program
  • - EPA can require manufacturers to collect
    data on effects of their substance
  • National Historic Prevention Act
  • -preserve, restore and maintain cultural
    resources

15
Additional Regulations
  • Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) -1970
  • Oil Pollution Act (OPA)-1990
  • Endangered Species Act (ESA)-1973

16
  • The following slides were taken from a
    presentation given by Dr. Thomas L. Theis,
    Director of the Institute for Environmental
    Science and Policy, University of Illinois at
    Chicago. September 13, 2005, Purdue University
  • Seminar title Environmental Manufacturing
    Management A New Approach to Sustainability

17
CONTEXT
  • We Have Been Altering the Environment for a Long
    Time but are Just Beginning to Take
    Responsibility
  • Environmental Issues are Not Just More Global,
    but More Complex
  • Firms are Increasingly Being Held Responsible for
    Environmental and Social Externalities With Which
    They are Associated

18
  • Sustainability Requires a Different Way of
    Thinking About How We Interact Within the
    Environment That
  • Stresses integration of our needs with those of
    our progeny
  • Views the natural world as a constrained system
  • Sees humanity as part of a symbiotic relationship
    with the world
  • Recognizes the value of ecosystem services
  • Understands the need to make decisions within a
    holistic framework

19
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20
HISTORICAL APPROACHES TO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
ERA TIME FRAME PRIMARY ACTIVITY PRIMARY FOCUS ENDPOINT ENVIRON- MENTAL VS. ECONOMICS CONCEPTUAL MODEL DISCIPLINARY APPROACH
Pre-Regulatory (lt 1965) Past Simple Controls / Burial Specific Site, End-of-Pipe Visual / Navigability Overhead Largely Voluntary Insular -Reductionist
Regulatory (1965- 1990) Past / Present Compliance / Remediation Specific Site, End of Pipe Reduce Anthropo- centric Risk Negative Profit Command-and- control Environmental Sciences / Engineering -Interdisciplinary
Global (gt 1990) Present / Future Industrial Ecology / Design for Environment Materials, Manufacturing, Products, Services Over Life Cycle Waste Minimization / Global Sustainability Strategic Systems Approach Physical / Chemical / Biological Sciences Architecture Law Ethics Urban Planning -Integrative

21
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22
Traditional (Compliance) Perspective
Final product and residuals measured at the
factory, in terms of materials production.
Residuals Waste pollution
Raw materials
Finished material
Raw materials
23
Systems (Optimization) Perspective
Final product is measured in terms of service,
rather than material, at end of chain rather
than in middle.
Film paper production
Exposure (Capture)
Storage
Film developing printing
Final Product
24
DRIVING FORCES
  • Accelerated Costs of Environmental Compliance
  • Legislation Focused on Product and Socially
    Responsible Stewardship
  • New, More Efficient Processing Technologies
  • Application of Life Cycle Analysis and Total Cost
    Accounting
  • Ability to Measure More Accurately the Impacts of
    Waste Emissions

25
USEPA Policy Statement
  • to move the Nation from a waste-oriented to a
    life cycle management way of thinking about
    materials. (USEPA Strategic Plan, 2003-2008, p.
    60)

26
QUESTIONS ???
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