Evolution

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Evolution Development

• How can complexity evolve???
• Modularity Cooption

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Diversity of animal lens crystalline proteins -
cooption
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Co-option in crystalline proteins
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Co-option of developmental circuits in the
evolution of novelties
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Nymphalid butterfly ground plan
Wing membrane compartments represent homologous
modules
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(No Transcript)
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Butterfly scales one cell, one color
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Composite effect of many scales (cells)
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Distal-less expression in caterpillar wing buds
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Co-option of developmental circuits in the
evolution of novelties
Using the same modules in different contexts
reduces the demands for totally new genes to
mutate and become fixed in populations.
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Beak shape is central to Geospiza evolution
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Microarray analysis
Abzhanov et al. 2006. Nature 442563-567.
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Red overexpression in G. scandens
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CaM expression differs among spp
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Adding CaM to chickens increases bill length
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Calmodulin gene expression
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Independence of beak axes
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Fig 4
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Developmental pattern as an adaptation Direct
versus indirect development
Sea urchins. Heliocidaris tuberculata pluteus
H. erythrogramma