INTERACTION DESIGN PROCESS

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CS 320 Interaction Design

• INTERACTION DESIGN PROCESS
• Textbook
• S. Heim, The Resonant Interface
• HCI Foundations for Interaction Design Chapter
  3
• Addison-Wesley, 2007
• February 28, 2011

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Outline

1. Interaction Design Processes
2. On Midterm 1 (March 21, 2011)
3. More on Project Part 1 (Concept)

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1 Interaction Design Process
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• Iterative Design
• User-Centered Design
• Interaction Design Models
• Basic Software Engineering Model (Waterfall SE)
• Basic Human-Computer Interaction Model (HCI)
• Discount Usability Engineering (DUE)
• Framework Discovery, Design and Evaluation (DDE)
  

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Interaction Design Process Iterative Design

• Interaction design is an iterative process
• The knowledge path is constantly moving forward

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Interaction Design Process User Centered Design

• User Centered Design (UCD) was pioneered by
  Donald Normans research laboratory at the
  University of California at San Diego
• The objective of UCD is to develop a design
  framework that enables interaction designers to
  build more usable systems

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Interaction Design Process User Centered Design

• Design should emerge from the users
• goals
• tasks
• environment
• Focuses on human-centric issues
• cognition
• perception
• physical attributes and conditions

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Interaction Design Process User Centered Design

• Who are the users? (not as obvious as we might
  think)
• Those who interact directly with the product
• Those who manage direct users
• Those who provide input or receive output from
  the product
• Those who make the purchasing decision
• Those who use competitors products
• Four types of stakeholders
• Primary use the design directly
• Secondary either supply input or receive output
  from the design
• Facilitators develop or maintain the design
• Indirect affected by the use of design, but have
  no direct contact with it

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2011
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Interaction Design Process User Centered Design

• The main tenants of user-centered design
• Early focus on users and tasks directly study
  cognitive, behavioral, anthropomorphic, and
  attitudinal characteristics
• Continuous evaluations to determine ease of
  learning and ease of use observe, record and
  analyze the users reactions and performance to
  scenarios, manuals, simulations, and prototypes
• Iterative design when problems are found in user
  testing, fix them and carry out more tests

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2011
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Interaction Design Process User Centered Design

• UCD projects generally involve the following
  methods
• User participation (Chapter 4)
• Focus groups (Chapter 4)
• Questionnaires (Chapter 4)
• Ethnographic observations (Chapter 4)
• Walkthroughs (Chapter 5)
• Expert evaluations (Chapter 5)
• Usability testing (Chapter 8)

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Interaction Design Process Models

• Many design models exist, with various mixtures
  of software engineering (SE) and HCI techniques
  Rogers et al, 2007 Heim 2007
• Waterfall model (basic Software Engineering
  model)
• Spiral model
• Basic HCI model
• Dynamic Systems Development Method (DSDM)
• Prototype-based models
• Discount Usability Engineering (DUE) method
• Contextual inquiry
• We discuss next the basic SE (waterfall), the
  basic HCI model, and DUE

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Interaction Design Process Waterfall Model

• Traditional SE model (waterfall)
• Emphasis is on systematic, step-wise development

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Interaction Design Process Waterfall Model

• The waterfall model is the classical, linear,
  sequential engineering development model
• It has clear cut phases, each of which must be
  completed before the next phase can begin
• Introduced by Winston Royce in 1970 based on his
  experience with developing software for
  spacecraft mission planning, commanding and
  post-flight analysis
• Waterfall assumes that requirements are fixed
• Not a user-centered model

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Interaction Design Process Waterfall Model

• Advantages of the waterfall model
• Highly disciplined process of documentation
• Easily observable development progress
• Easy to create budget
• Consistent review process
• Disadvantages of the waterfall model
• Document centric can be difficult for the
  customer to understand the process
• Specialized development teams may wait on each
  other
• Rigid, rather slow, doesnt cope well with
  changing requirements

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Interaction Design Process Basic HCI Model

• Typical HCI model Rogers et al, 2007. Note that
  emphasis is on iteration, evaluation, and
  alternative versions.

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Interaction Design Process DUE Model

• Nielsen (1994) argued that the benefits derived
  from even small amounts of user testing would
  have a significant impact on the usability of the
  design
• He proposed Discount Usability Engineering (DUE),
  which is based on the following three techniques
• Scenarios
• Thinking aloud
• Heuristic evaluation

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Interaction Design Process DUE Model

• Nielsen suggested that the number of problems P
  that could be identified from a usability test
  with n users can be calculated according to the
  following equation

P N 1-(1-L)n where N total number of
usability problems in a design L proportion of
usability problems discovered with a single
participant n number of users
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Interaction Design Process DDE Framework

• General DDE Framework Heim 2007

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Interaction Design Process Discovery

• General DDE Framework Heim 2007 - Discovery

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2 Midterm exam 1
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• Monday March 21 at 230 pm
• Chapters required
• Chapter 1 Interaction Paradigms
• Chapter 2 Interaction Frameworks and Styles
• Chapter 3 Interaction Design Process
• Chapter 4 Discovery
• More details will be provided on Wednesday

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3 Project Part 1 Concept
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• Due Thursday March 10, at 800 pm
• Need to finalize teams of two students
• Contents
• Abstract
• Description
• Project Resources

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Video Selection

• Mobile computing
• Mozilla Seabird (Nathan)
• Direct manipulation
• Future user interfaceLibrary carousel
• Virtual reality / 3D Environments
• CAVE 1993 Museum 1 TherapyMuseum 2
  Challenges of HCI (Parth)
• Zoomable interfaces
• Raskin Pad NUI Google spreadsheets
• Natural language interaction
• Siri Articulate

CS 320 February 28,
2011