Driving is a privilege

1
Driving is a privilege

• And you're about to lose yours

2
First Driver Education Course

• Professor Amos Neyhart of Penn State University
  and offered at State College, PA high school in
  1933.
  

3
First thing in creating good drivers?

• Changing driving attitudes and behaviors is not
  easy to do yet that is the goal of a driver
  improvement program.
  

4
What is our product?

• It would be more defensible if driver education
  were promoted as the best way to learn driving
  skills rather than as a way to produce safer
  drivers.

5

• The primary purpose of driver education is to
  give beginning drivers an adequate foundation for
  becoming competent and responsible users for the
  Highway Transportation System (HTS).

6
Standards

• The minimum time standards of thirty hours
  classroom and six hours BTW instruction were set
  in 1949 at a national conference held in West
  Virginia.

7
Who is in charge?

• Driver education must be considered a shared
  responsibility of the school, home, and
  community.
  

8
Reasons Teens have Crashes

• inconsistent instruction
• lack of experience in operating a motor vehicle
• too much responsibility given too quickly
• lack of knowledge concerning legal and mandatory
  laws
  

9

• Teens tend to be egocentric performers who
  adjust their behavior to the audience present.
  
• Teen Driver Electronic Report Card Westat DRAFT
  Report January 21, 2004
  

10

• Teens have a peer-orientation. They are sensitive
  to being evaluated by friends and family. They
  may take risks to show off.
  
• Teen Driver Electronic Report Card Westat DRAFT
  Report January 21, 2004
  

11

• Teens tend to be motivated by sensation seeking.
  
  
• Teens perceive less risk than do adults in the
  same situation.
  
• Teens have an optimistic bias concerning their
  driving abilities.
  
• Teens have a need for independence.
• Teen Driver Electronic Report Card Westat DRAFT
  Report January 21, 2004
  

12
Characteristics of Risk

• Risk is always present
• Perceived Risk differs from Actual Risk
• Risk is shared
• Risk can be altered

13
To Perceive Risk, a Driver Must

• Judge Spatial Relationships
• Estimate Speed and Time Intervals
• Evaluate Roadway Conditions
• Predict Other Users Actions
• Evaluate Risk

14
The 3 Es

• Education
• Enforcement
• Engineering

15

• Education efforts focus on giving drivers the
  knowledge they need to avoid hazardous driving
  practices

16

• Traffic controls, driver licensing requirements,
  drunk-driving laws, and other safety related
  regulations are known to be effective - when
  drivers obey them

17

• Modification or reconstruction of an existing
  roadway can be challenging and time consuming.
  Careful evaluation of road characteristics is the
  key to a solid investment in public safety.

18

• Car crashes are the leading cause of death for
  American teens more than drugs, guns, or any
  disease.
  
• Dateline NBC, teendrivingfoundation.org,
  Insurance Institute for Highway Safety

19

• An average of 10 teenagers die every day in
  teen-driven vehicles in the USA, making
  automobiles the most perilous threat to a teen's
  world
• "USA Today" (Friday, June 3rd, 2005)

20

• A teenagers first 500 miles of driving are the
  most dangerous. During that time, theyre 10
  times more likely to crash than an adult.
  
• Dateline NBC, teendrivingfoundation.org,
• Insurance Institute for Highway Safety

21

• 15 to 20-year-olds make up 7 percent of licensed
  drivers, but suffer 14 percent of fatalities and
  20 percent of all reported collisions.
  
• Dateline NBC, teendrivingfoundation.org,
• Insurance Institute for Highway Safety

22
Graduated License System

• Insurance Institute for Highway Safety
• National Safety Council
• National Transportation Safety Board
• National Committee on Uniform Traffic Laws and
  Ordinances
  
• National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
• Mid 1990s

23
Stage 1 Learners Permit

• States minimum age for a learners permit.
• Pass vision and knowledge tests, including rules
  of the road, signs, and signals.
  
• Complete basic vehicle skills training.
• Licensed adult (at least age 21) required in the
  vehicle at all times.
  
• All occupants must wear safety belts.
• Zero alcohol while driving.
• Permit is distinctive from other driver licenses.
  
  
• Must remain crash- and conviction-free for at
  least six months to move to the next stage.
  
• Parental certification of practice hours.

24
Stage 2 Intermediate (Provisional) License

• Complete Stage 1.
• States minimum age.
• Pass a behind-the-wheel road test.
• Complete advanced driver education training
  (e.g., safe driving decision making, risk
  education, etc.).
  
• All occupants must wear safety belts.
• Licensed adult required in the vehicle during
  late-night hours (e.g., night-time driving
  restriction).
  
• Zero alcohol while driving.
• Driver improvement actions are initiated at lower
  point level than for regular drivers.
  
• Provisional license is distinctive from a regular
  license.
  
• Must remain crash- and conviction-free for at
  least 12 consecutive months to move to the next
  stage.
  
• Supervised practice.

25
Stage 3 Full Licensure

• Complete Stage 2.
• States minimum age.
• Zero alcohol while driving