BIOL 1111:

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BIOL 1111 Introductory Biology 1
Dr. Paul Melvin
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Seven requirements of life

• Order
• Regulation
• Energy utilization
• Capacity to grow
• Response to stimuli
• Ability to reproduce
• Adapt to environment

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Biosphere
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Ecosystem
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Community
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Population
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Organism
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Organ System
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Organ
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Tissue
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Cell
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Organelle
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Molecule
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Atom
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Food Web
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Cells
PROKARYOTIC small simple primitive ba
cteria EUKARYOTIC larger more
complex internal membranes (important!) pl
ants, animal, fungi, protists
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How is life organized?

• Domain
• Kingdom
• Phylum
• Class
• Order
• Family
• Genus
• Species

Danish Kings Play Chess On Fine Green Silk
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How are humans classified?
Domain Eukarya Kingdom Animalia Phylum
Chordata Class Mammalia Order
Primates Family Hominidae Genus Homo Species
sapiens

Homo sapiens
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The Three Domains
Bacteria - prokaryotic Archaea
prokaryotic Eukarya - eukaryotic
Bacteria and Archea used to be the same kingdom
(Monera)
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Domain Eukarya

• - Most kingdoms classify protists (algae,
  protozoans, etc.)
• Plantae
• Fungi
• Animalia

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Evolution
1. All living species today came from
ancestral species decent with
modification Captured unity and diversity of
life 2. Natural selection (mechanism for
evolution) Observation 1 individual
variation Observation 2 overproduction
and competition Inference unequal
reproductive success
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Natural Selection
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Natural Selection (cont.)
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Natural Selection (cont.)
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What is science?

• - Science to know
• a method to gain knowledge
• seeks natural causes for natural phenomena
• must be observable and measurable (directly or
  indirectly)

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Scientific Inquiry Two Forms

• Discovery Science
• Hypothesis-based science

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Hypothesis Based Science

• Is it testable?
• Is it falsifiable?

HYPOTHESES CAN NEVER BE PROVEN CORRECT!!!
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Observations
Observations
Question
Question
Hypothesis 1 Dead batteries
Hypothesis 2 Burnt-out bulb
Hypothesis 1 Dead batteries
Hypothesis 2 Burnt-out bulb
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Observations
Observations
Question
Question
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Hypothesis Testing in Real Science
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Hypothesis Mimicry reduces the harmless
animals risk of being eaten.
Prediction?
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How did they test their hypothesis?

• Made hundreds of artificial snakes
• Painted 50 like king snake
• Painted 50 plain brown (like a non-venomous
  snake)

• 2. Placed both types of snakes in different
  areas
• In some of the areas, the coral snake (venomous)
  is native
• In other areas, the coral snake is NOT native

3. Determined which snakes were attacked
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Artificial Snakes
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Results
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Controlled Experiments
Experimental and control groups should only
differ by one factor (in this case, snake color).
Why is this important?
What if they had made the brown snakes larger
than the colored snakes?
What if they had only used colored snakes?
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What are some differences between science and
technology?
Seeks to understand natural phenomena
Applies scientific knowledge to a specific purpose
Discoveries
Innovations
Driven by curiosity
Driven by needs/wants