How are observations collected

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How are observations collected?

• Buoys
• Ships
• Satellites
• Aircraft
• Radar
• Others

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There are many new instruments that help us
understand and observe the ocean around us
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XBT CTD
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Atlantic Temp
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Eulerian
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Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler
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New technology in acoustics has enabled physical
oceanographers to use acoustic Doppler technology
to measure waves and currents and send the data
back to shore.
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South Carolina Real-time ADCP data

• Springmaid Pier http//nautilus.baruch.sc.edu/wav
  es/springmaid/index.php
• Folly Beach http//nautilus.baruch.sc.edu/waves/f
  olly/index.php
• Buoys http//nautilus.baruch.sc.edu/waves/folly/i
  ndex.php

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Real-time data meteorological and oceanographic
data are available on the web
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What are ocean observing systems?

• Continuous measurement and monitoring
• Long-term data collection and management
• Effective data delivery andcommunications
• Relevant analysis product development

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What do ocean observations measure?

• Examples
• Physical Ocean Conditions
• temperature
• currents
• waves
• water level
• Atmospheric Conditions
• winds
• pressure
• fog
• Biological/Ecological Conditions
• nutrients
• contaminants
• benthic habitat

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Autonomous Underwater Vehicles

• AUV (Glider) date from Onslow Bay, North
  Carolina

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How is observing data presented?

• Measurement Products
• data tables
• maps
• graphs
• charts
• Direct Observations
• satellite images
• photos
• Video
• Analyses
• climatologies
• trends
• comparative studies

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How can ocean models add value to observations?

• Filling in the gaps - providing information for
  areas not covered by direct measurements
• Making predictions and providing short-term
  forecasts
• Combining various observation types to simulate
  complex ocean dynamics

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How does outreach contribute to successful
observing systems?

• Focus systems on providing practical applications
• Identify and assess user needs and data
  preferences
• Obtain user feedback on information and products
• Train users to use informationand products
• Contribute to needs-based scientific and
  technical advances

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What are practical observing system applications
for weather, climate, hazards?

• Hurricane coastal storm forecasts
• Flooding and storm surge response
• Coastal erosion prediction planning
• Rip current forecasts
• Marine wind and wave forecasts
• Search and rescue operations
• Toxic spill response

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What are practical observing system applications
for marine industries?

• Commercial shipping
• Ocean engineering
• Commercial fishing
• Marine towing salvage
• Port operations
• Cruise lines operations
• Military operations

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What are practical observing system applications
for public health?

• Shellfish closures
• Harmful algal blooms
• Water quality
• Beach closures
• Seafood contamination
• Stormwater impacts
• Pathogens

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What are practical observing system applications
for coastal resource management?

• Fisheries management
• Endangered species
• Habitat degradation
• Invasive species
• Erosion management
• Coastal development
• Marine mammals

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What are practical observing system applications
for coastal marine recreation?

• Recreational fishing
• Coastal tourism
• Boating sailing
• Surfing
• Diving snorkeling
• Charter tours
• Swimming

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What are practical observing system applications
for commercial sectors?

• Energy exploration
• Insurance reinsurance
• Commercial weather providers
• Ocean industries
• Utilities planning
• Commercial ocean information providers
• Aquaculture

Image courtesy of Roffers Ocean Fishing
Forecasting Service
Image courtesy of WSI
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Lagrangian
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Tracks
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Spills
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Satellite Oceanography
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Geostationary Orbit
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Geostationary View
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Global SST
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• Waters Warm Enough to produce Hurricanes

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Polar Orbit
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Polar Orbiting
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GS 2
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• Geostationary - Low Resolution
• Polar Orbiting - High Resolution

Radiometer SST Measures emitted IR radiation
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Katrina

• Radiometer
• Measures reflected visible radiation

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Ocean Color - Chlorophyll

• Radiometer - measures chlorophyll

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• Red Tide

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Scatterometer Data
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Hurricane Winds
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Wave Height
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Altimeter Data
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Chlorophyy 2
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• Loss of Sea Ice

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