IGARSS 2006

1
PROTECT AND MONITOR WATER RESOURCES
David Toll, Hydrological Sciences Branch,
NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, MD Deputy Program Manager,
Water Management dave.toll_at_nasa.gov Lawrence
Friedl (NASA-HQ), Jared Entin (NASA HQ), Edwin
Engman (SAIC) Kristi Arsenault (UMBC)
IGARSS 2006 Denver, CO 3 August,
2006 Integrated Earth Observing Systems
for GEOSS Societal Benefit
Extending the societal and economic benefits of
Earth science research, information, and
technology
2
Overview

• 1) NASA Water Research, Technology Plans
• 2) NASA Water Management Goals, Summary,
  Integrated Systems Solution, Current State
  Future Directions
• Water Management Project Summaries
• Two Directed Projects
• Two Leveraged Projects
• Five Recent Projects from Solicitations

3
(No Transcript)
4
NASAs Hydrologic Observations
/ EOS-Aqua


CLPP -Snow pack
WaTeR -Surface Water Elevation

Cancelled
Proposed
5
(No Transcript)
6
NASAs APPLIED SCIENCES PROGRAM 12 Applications
of National Priority
Public Health
7
Water Management
Goal Enable Partners Beneficial Use of NASA
Earth Science Research Results to Address Issues
of Concern and Decision-Making Related to
Managing Water Resources

• Current Themes Include (Water Cycle Based,
  Freshwater Emphasis)
• 1) Estimating Water Storages (Snowpack, Soil
  Moisture and Aquifers)
• 2) Modeling and Predict Water Fluxes (River
  Runoff, Precipitation and Evapotranspiration)
• 3) Water Quality
• - Direct Estimates of Turbidity, Eutrophication
  and Temperature
• - Nonpoint Source Land Cover Conversion,
  Agriculture Runoff, Forest Disturbances, etc.

8
Water Management NASA-EPA Non-Point Source Water
Quality (BASINS)
Earth System Models Land Surface Models
MOSAIC VIC Noah Data Assimilation Products
NLDAS LIS Watershed Hydrology HSPF
Value Benefits to Society Quantitative and
qualitative benefits from improved
decisions Improved Water Quality Identification
of Nonpoint Sources of Pollution Drinking
Water Protection Improved Recreation Watershed
studies Developing Total Maximum Daily
Loads Watershed Characterization Reports
Decision Support Systems, Assessments, Management
Actions BASINS - HSPF Analyses Point and
Nonpoint Sources of Pollution Total Maximum
Daily Loads Concentrations of Water Quality
Variables Storm Runoff Volume and
Peak Baseflow (Ground Water) Decisions /
Actions Implement Best management Practices to
Control Runoff Enforcement of Water Quality
Standards Test Various Management Options
Predictions, Data and Data Products Informatio
n Products Rainfall rates and spatial
Distribution Snow Cover Depth Soil
Moisture Evapotranspiration Land Cover/Land
Use Digital Elevation Data Vegetation
Indices Forest Disturbances (Defoliation)


Earth Observations Surface Temperature Terra,
Aqua, GOES, Landsat Precipitation Aqua, TRMM,
Snow Cover Terra, Aqua Snow Quantity
Aqua Ground Water GRACE Land Use/Land Cover
Terra, Aqua, Landsat Surface Radiation GOES,
Terra, Aqua, Aster Topography SRTM
Observations, Parameters Products
9
Water Management
Water Management
CURRENT STATE Sub-Themes (Emphasis on Water
Availability Needs of Federal Agency Partners)
Non-Point Source Water Quality (EPA) Water
Supply (US Bureau of Reclamation) Weather
Prediction (NOAA NCEP) Drought Monitoring (USGS
NOAA) West US Seasonal Forecasts (USDA
USBR) Improved Streamflow (NOAA)
Evapotranspiration (USBR ACE) Program
Alignment/Community Interactions US GEO Work
Plans NRC Decadal Survey, Water Res. Panel
Water Management Working Group OSTP
Subcommittee on Water Availability and Quality
(SWAQ) Interagency (by USGS) ACWI-Subcommittee
on Hydrology (SOH) DOI Water 2025 Preventing
Crises Conflict Global Energy and Water Cycle
Experiment (GEWEX)
FUTURE DIRECTIONS Sub-Themes (Need for Water
Resources Sustainability and Integrated Water
Management) Direct Water Quality
Inter-Annual Predictions (1-10yr) Ground
Water Support Future NASA Missions -
OSSEs to Demonstrate Value of Future Missions
(e.g., Global Precipitation Mission) to Partner
Agencies DSTs Expand Use of NASA Modeling
(GMAO, LIS, SPoRT, etc.) International
Applications - US State Department, US-AID
Emphasize New Groups (e.g., ACE) Improved
(Seamless) Data Integration Data Assimilation.
Web Based w/ Ease of Use. Program
Alignment/Community Interactions Networking
of Partners, Including Local, Regional,
Federal, Intl, NGOs, etc. Networking
Solutions (NASA w/ Users) Program Alignment
via Initiatives and Mandates (GEO, DOI, etc.).
Include Socio-Economic Impacts
10
NASA WATER MANAGEMENT PROJECTSUSING NASA PRODUCTS

• Directed Projects
• - NOAA NCEP Eta Weather Model (Leveraged),
  2005
• - Air Force Weather Agency Global Agriculture
  Meteorology (Leveraged), 2005
• - NASA EPA Nonpoint Source Water Quality
  (2004-2006)
• - NASA Reclamation Water Supply (2004-2007)
• NASA Solicitations (2006-2008)
• - NOAA OHD RFC River Flow
• - USGS, JPL NOAA Drought Monitor
• - U. Wash., USDA Reclamation West U.S.
  Seasonal Forecast
• - 2 New Projects (New Mexico Tech U. Riverside
  Technology) Evapotranspiration

11
NASA-NOAA/NCEP Project Land Information System
Currently Used (Research to Operations) in Global
Forecast Climate Forecast Systems
12
(No Transcript)
13
AFWA-NASA Land Information System (LIS)
Air Force Weather Agency (AFWA) Leveraged
Project LIS Replaces AFWAs AGRMET
(Agriculture-Meteorology), Global Soil Moisture
and Temperature System Department of Defense
Decision Support Systems Including - Army
mobility software and the Target Acquisition
Weapons Software (TAWS) - Night Vision Goggle
Operational Weather Software (NOWS)
LIS Soil Moisture (1 km)
AGRMET Soil Moisture
29-August-2005 at 1800 UTC Covering Afghanistan
and Portions of Pakistan
14
NASA-NOAA River Forecast Project
OverviewNOAA/OHD (Restrepo), NASA/MSFC (Limaye),
NASA/GSFC (Peters-Lidard)
MODIS Cloud Snow Cover AMSR-e Soil Moisture
Potential Evaporation Observed/Forecast

NASA/GSFCs Land Information System (Water
Availability)
NWSRFS Streamflow
15
NASA-EPA Study to Test NASA Products for Nonpoint
Source Water Quality
BASINS-HSPF Precipitation Evapotranspiration
for Flow Rain Gauges (Default method) not
Representative of Precipitation Events
Satellite/Doppler Spatial Data Compliments Gauge
Data
Daily Rainfall Comparison (6/1/03-8/31/03)
Chesapeake Bay Watershed
BASINS default rain gauges
Modeled Flow Estimations for NE Anacostia Basin
NLDAS Stage II precipitation
16
Land Cover NASA EPA BASINS NONPOINT SOURCE
Land Cover Disturbance from Gypsy Moths and
Logging Satellite-Derived Measurements (MODIS /
Landsat) of Disturbance, Link to Measures of
Stream Nitrate Concentration
Landsat 30m (15m)
Gypsy Moth Defoliation Annual Nitrate-N Export
MODIS 1 km (250m)
Estimated N deposition from gypsy moth
defoliation Allegany County, MD in 2000 (top)
and 2001 (bottom) in kg/ha/yr.
(Townsend, Univ. of Wisconsin)
17
(No Transcript)
18
(No Transcript)
19
(No Transcript)
20
NASA Water Management Project USGS, JPL Others
to Support the National Drought Monitoring
System
Earth System Models Land Surface
Models Vegetation Drought Response
Index Satellite Algorithms
Predictions/Forecasts
Decision Support Systems, Assessments, Management
Actions National Integrated Drought Information
System US Drought Monitor Weekly map and
narrative NIDIS web portal Analyses Early
Drought Detection Drought Spatial Extent Drought
State/Drought Severity Decisions /
Actions Drought Plans Activated Urban Water
Restrictions Drought Assistance
Programs Agricultural Choices for Water
Conservation

• Information products
• Vegetation Indices
• MODIS NDVI
• AMSR-E
• Surface Wetness
• - AMSR E
• - QuickScat
• Phenological Metrics
• Start of Season
• Anomaly
• Seasonal Greenness
• Percent of AvgSG
• JPL Scatterometer
• Gridded Rainfall Products
• Calibrated RADAR
• Standardized
• Precipitation Index

Value Benefits to Society Quantitative and
qualitative benefits from improved
decisions Wider dissemination of drought
information Improved understanding of drought
effects at sub-county scale Quicker response for
State Drought Task Forces and State
Governors Increased spatial precision in drought
emergency designations Better informed state and
local decision making leading to more effective
use of available water and drought relief program
resources

Earth Observations Vegetation/Wetness MODIS
and AVHRR Precipitation Weather Station
networks, RADAR observations Land Use/Land Cover
Landsat, MODIS AMSR E Radiometer QuickSCAT/SeaWi
nds Radiometer
Observations, Parameters Products
21
University of Washington Forecast
Systemhttp//www.hydro.washington.edu
At UW, started testing hydrologic uses of
real-time climate forecasts in 2000, for East
Coast Started producing water supply forecasts
in 2001 Started testing snow assimilation
techniques in 2003 Launched SW Monitor in
2005 NASA Water Mgmt Western US Seasonal
Forecast (2006-2008)
22
U. Washington Seasonal Forecast System Spatial
Products
SWE
Soil Moisture
Runoff
Precip
Temp
Apr-06 May-06 Jun-06
23
(R. Allen, University of Idaho)
24
(No Transcript)
25
WaterNet Concept

• Improve and Optimize the Sustained Ability of
  NASA Water Related Products and Information to
  Interact, Identify, and Extend to Augment
  Decision Support Tools
• Evolve a network of partners.
• Routinely identify, mine and communicate relevant
  research products and results.
• Optimize water cycle partner access
• Analyze and document
• Education and outreach.

Houser , GMU-CREW
26
THANK YOU