European Civilization 4001000Adler ch 14,23

1
European Civilization400-1000(Adler ch 14,23

• Middle Ages Early 400-800
• Dark Ages?
• High Middle Ages 1000-1300

2
Update on Germanic Tribes and Kingdoms

• Italy- numerous invasions e.g.. Visogoths and
  Vandals Gothic Kingdom 6th cen
  
• Byzantine Emp takes over under Justinian-
  preserves Rome
  
• Lombards- harsh and non-Roman
• Britain- Anglo-Saxon invasions
• Spain- Visogoths then the Islamic Moors
• Gaul invaded by Franks- King Clovis converts to
  Christianity 482-581

3
Importance of the Christian Church

• Time of missionary activity- Europe was non
  Christian
  
• Nicaean Creed 325 and meeting to establish
  beliefs and scriptures
  
• Rome bishop imp- not pope till
• Gregory590-604
• est Papal States surrounded by Lombards
• Jerome translates Scriptures into Latin

4
The Establishment of UnityCharlemagne and
Empire

• Pepin deposed Frank king, father of
• Charles the Great or Charlemagne
• went on 54 campaigns Italy, Spain , Saxony
• granted lands for loyalty- beg of feudalism
• alliance with pope- crowned HRE - 800 CE
• Formation of Europe thru grandsons
• tried to revive intellectual life est monasteries

5
Views of the LawRoman and German(Tribal)

• have a grievance , go to court
• judged by written law
• decision enforced by administration
• based on law

• have a grievance, look for reprisal(wergeld)
• led to blood feuds, supported by families
  (clans)
  
• used trial by ordeal(combat, fire,water)
• use friends to testify to character

6
Life in the 9th Century

• Life was difficult- Food- regular people had
  bread or gruel made from wheat, barley, oats, rye
  upper class had a little pork or wild game,
  beans, peas, carrots, onions and garlic (no corn
  or potatoes) wine, ale
• Medicine- herbs, magic, amulets
• Family- church started blessing marriages, tried
  to discourage divorce, concubines, family unit
  became more imp than clan

7
Feudalism

• result of turmoil- need for protection
• Two parts 1. personal vassal swears loyalty to
  lord (contract) 2. property- parcel out
  land(beneficefief)
  
• origin of knights- leaders of army
• developed a code of conduct for war
• had to protect people and land
• Became very complicated loyalty system

8
The Establishment of UnityCharlemagne and
Empire

• Pepin deposed Frank king, father of
• Charles the Great or Charlemagne
• went on 54 campaigns Italy, Spain , Saxony
• granted lands for loyalty- beg of feudalism
• alliance with pope- crowned HRE - 800 CE
• Formation of Europe thru grandsons
• tried to revive intellectual life est monasteries

9
More Invasions

• The Vikings- traders- looking for loot and new
  homes, ships went up rivers and on ocean,
  (Ireland,England,Normany)
  
• Slavic peoples from east (Czech,Poland)
• Magyars- from east (Hungary)

10
The Eastern Roman EmpireByzantium

• Justinian 527-565
• wanted to rescue the west
• codified the laws- remained in effect til 1453
• basis of western law- last to be written in
  Latin
  
• Orthodox Christianity
• closely linked with government e.g. emperor
  chosen by God, promote Christianity- Origin
  Greek, Russian
  
• Mosaics in churches not statues

11
Chapter 23 Look at

• The Crusades- The Great Adventure-Europeans
  discover there is a world
  
• Growth of European Kingdoms
• The worshipers- St Francis
• Medieval Culture and the Arts
• Romanesque and Gothic
• Rise of Universities in Europe