The Concept of Biodiversity and its Measurement

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The Concept of Biodiversity and its Measurement
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Biodiversity
The richness of the biosphere in genetically
distinct organisms and the ecological systems
they compose
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The Biodiversity Hierarchy
Individual portions of a chromosome that code
for a specific character are known as Genes
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Alleles alternate forms of a genes expression
Gene A
Character E
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Alleles on paired chromosomes
Homozygous
Heterozygous
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Gene Pool of a Population
Polymorphism Heterozygosity
Genes A 5 alleles B 2 alleles C 1 allele D 1
allele E 1 allele
Individuals A1/A1 A2/A3 A1/A3 A2/A4 A2/A2
Polymorphism 40
Heterozygosity 60
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The Species Problem
A Tale of Two Definitions
Biological Species- a group of actually or
potentially interbreeding species that are
reproductively isolated from other such groups
Phylogenetic Species- a group of individuals that
is distinct in its characteristics and has a
common ancestry
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Sub-species- taxonomically distinct individuals
that occupy non-overlapping geographical ranges,
but share the essential characteristics of the
species such as interbreeding.
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Concept of Evolutionary Significant Unit (ESU)
A geographically isolated portion of the species
population
Has high level of genetic difference from other
subpopulations of the species
Not recognized taxonomically as a separate
subspecies or species
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Summary of Terms Relating to the Concept of
Biodiversity
Population- the coexisting and interacting
individuals of a species
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Summary of Terms Relating to the Concept of
Biodiversity
Population- the coexisting and interacting
individuals of a species
Metapopulation- a collection of semi-isolated
units among which occasional dispersal of
individuals occurs may appear, disappear and
reappear over time
Immigration-
Increase
Reproduction-
Emigration-
Decrease
Death-
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In this diagram each black dot represents a
population. Dispersal can take place across the
dashed lines but not the solid lines. Which of
the following groups of populations can be viewed
as a metapopulation
a.
b.
d.
c.
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In the slide that follows, each black dot
represents an isolated population of the Florida
Scrub Jay, a species found only in this part of
Florida and nowhere else on the planet.What do
you think about its survival possibilities?
Florida Scrub Jay
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Florida Scrub Jay