What is Biodiesel Who Uses it

1
What is Biodiesel?Who Uses it?

• Chelsea Jenkins
• Virginia Clean Cities
• Hampton Roads Clean Cities Coalition
• Virginia Biodiesel Conference
• James Madison University
• April 3, 2006

2
Overview

• Brief overview what is Clean Cities?
• What Is Biodiesel
• Who Uses Biodiesel (in Virginia)

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Energy InSecurity
THE U.S. IMPORTS OVER ONE-HALF OF ITS PETROLEUM
TRANSPORTATION PETROLEUM USE 67 OF OVERALL
USE TRANSPORTATION IS 97 DEPENDENT ON PETROLEUM
Source EIA AEO 2006
4

• Clean Cities
• National US DoE voluntary program to promote
  energy independence in transportation
• 80 Coalitions nationwide
• One designated Coalition in Virginia (Hampton
  Roads)
• Statewide effort ongoing
• DoE Website
• http//www.eere.energy.gov/cleancities/
• Virginia Clean Cities
• http//www.hrccc.org

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Biofuels

• Fossil Fuel a hydrocarbon fuel, such as
  petroleum, derived from living matter of a
  previous geologic time.
• Coal, Oil, Natural Gas
• Biofuel Any fuel that derives from biomass
  recently living organisms or their metabolic
  byproducts
• Biodiesel, Ethanol
• Primary drivers behind introducing biofuels
  include
• Reduce dependency on fossil-fuels
• Reduce GHG emissions (reduce impact on health,
  environment)
• Improve energy security
• Contribute to rural development through domestic
  production

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What is Biodiesel
1. Mono-alkyl esters of fatty acids (i.e. methyl
or ethyl esters) 2. A diesel replacement fuel
produced from vegetable oils, animal fats,
recycled cooking grease

• Biodiesel Blend mixture of biodiesel and
  petroleum diesel
• BXX volume XX biodiesel
• Most common blends are B5, B20

• Physical properties very similar to conventional
  diesel
• Must meet the quality requirements of ASTM D6751

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What Is Not Biodiesel?

• Biodiesel is NOT unrefined vegetable oil or used
  cooking oil
• The use of SVO can lead to engine carbon
  deposits, reducing engine life or increasing
  maintenance costs
• Successful SVO use is documented, but use
  requires considerable modifications to diesel
  equipment

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Biodiesel

• Advantages
• Its Easy Transparent to end-user, easy to
  implement
• LDV/HDV, marine, underground mining
• No increased vehicle equipment cost
• Minimal infrastructure impact (blending,
  storage, availability, vehicles)

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Biodiesel

• Advantages
• Its Domestic MADE IN USA
• It Stimulates Local Economy Supports Our
  Farmers!
• value added product, supports rural economies,
  protects farmland from development pressures

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Biodiesel

• Advantages
• Its Renewable, Biodegradable, Nontoxic
• Its Efficient Very favorable energy balance,
  3.2 to 1
• Its Engine Friendly Better engine performance
• High flash point 260F v 117F
• Lubricity properties
• Higher cetane rating

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Biodiesel

• Advantages
• Its Healthier Lower emissions (Example DDC
  Series 50), US DoA, US DoE
• Carbon monoxide 38 lower
• Unburned HC 83 lower
• Oxides of Nitrogen 11.3 higher??
• Particulates 49 lower
• Smoke and odor are much better
• PAH, nPAH, air toxics lower
• Its Carbon Neutral
• Closed carbon cycle

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Biodiesel

• Disadvantages
• Increased price relative to diesel
• Petroleum displacement potential of B20
  relatively limited
• Relatively limited criteria emissions benefits
  (NOx)

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Biodiesel

• Disadvantages
• Cold handling and storage of B100
• soybean based biodiesel start to crystallize at
  0C
• Oxidative stability
• old fuel can become acidic and form sediments
  and varnish
• Excellent solvent
• filter clogging during transition from petrol
  diesel
• replace natural rubber components
• Supply
• Lower energy content (8 less BTU/gal)
• Btu/lb Btu/gal
• No. 2 Diesel 18,300 129,050
• Biodiesel 16,000 118,170
• (12.5 less) (8 less)

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Who Uses Biodiesel?

• Biodiesel production use has grown dramatically
  
• NBB estimates 75 million gallons in 2005
• Current production capacity is more than 290
  million annual gallons
• More than 570 million annual gallons under
  construction or planned
• Current U.S. avg. rack price 2.00/gal (vs. 1.86
  for No. 2 diesel)
• Prices pre-tax, pre-tax credit

Whos using it? U.S. Postal Service U.S. DoD,
DoE, and DoA Countless school districts, transit
authorities, national parks, public utility
companies, and garbage and recycling companies
Credit Robert McCormick, NREL
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Biodiesel Production and Under Construction Plants
Source National Biodiesel Board
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Biodiesel retail locations
Source National Biodiesel Board
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Market Development in Virginia B20 Fleets
Existing B20 Fleets- 2004
100kgal/yr
Mt. Jackson B20 Est. 1 million gal/yr
VALLEY PROTEINS
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VA Biodiesel Experience Arlington County

• Arlington County operates all diesel equipment on
  B20, since 2001
• Over 100 school buses, various makes, MY1991
  through 2004
• 100,000 gallons of B100 annually
• No operational problems identified with
  biodiesel use

Case Study Available http//www.hrccc.org/biofue
ls/ArlingtonB20Study.pdf
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B20 Pilots
Northumberland Schools
Sysco Hampton Roads
Reports availablehttp//www.hrccc.org/biofuels/S
yscoB20PilotC.pdf http//www.hrccc.org/biofuels/no
rthumberlandB20A.pdf
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B20 Readiness

• Prepare fleet for acceptance and use of B20
• Tank Cleaning
• Filtration/Plumbing
• Northumberland Co. Schools
• 1579 for 6,000-gallon tank
• Westmoreland Co. Schools
• 2826 for 2x 10,000-gallon tanks

Westmoreland Schools
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Northumberland Schools B20 Pilot Summary
Retail Locations

• Distribution
• Bagwell Oil (Onancock)
• Culpeper Petrol Coop (Culpeper)
• Frederick Nothrup, Inc. (Warsaw)
• Griffin Oil Propane (Suffolk)
• Holtzman Corp (Mt Jackson)
• James River Petroleum (Ashland)
• Kilduff Oil (Reedville)
• Noblett Oil Propane (Kilmarnock)
• Northern Neck Oil Co. (Warsaw)
• Peoples Oil (Montross)
• PEP-UP (Temperanceville)
• Southern Sates (Fredericksburg)
• TCH Oil (Irvington)
• Thrift Oil (Urbanna)
• Ware Oil (Tappahannock)

• Retails Locations
• Heathsville, VA
• Culpeper, VA
• Harrisonburg

On The Web http//www.biodiesel.org/buyingbiodies
el/guide/default.shtm
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Industry Analyses

• MORE INFORMATION
• National Biodiesel Board www.biodiesel.org
• Virginia Clean Cities www.hrccc.org
• US Department of Energy Clean Cities
  http//www.eere.energy.gov/cleancities/blends/biod
  iesel.html
• 2004 BIODIESEL HANDLING AND USE GUIDELINES
• http//www.nrel.gov/vehiclesandfuels/npbf/pdfs/tp3
  6182.pdf
• NREL Biomass Oil Analysis
• http//www.nrel.gov/docs/fy04osti/34796.pdf
• Concluded Biomass oils can displace up to 10
  billion gallons of petroleum by 2030 (if
  incentives or mandates used to promote)

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Contact Information
www.hrccc.org Chelsea Jenkins Tel.
757-256-8528 E-mail cjenkins_at_hrccc.org