Igneous Rocks

1
Igneous Rocks

• Formed from the cooling of molten rock (lava or
  magma)
• Lava molten rock at the surface
• Magma molten rock underground
• As magma or lava cools, different minerals form.

2
Injection of magma into Magma Chamber through a
Dike
Magma Chamber
Dike
3
Cooking the adjacent rocks Contact Metamorphism
4
Cooling formation of the first Mafic Minerals
olivine
anorthite
5
Settling and the formation of the first
Ultramafic rocks
Gabbro
6
Further cooling and the formation of felsic
minerals
Quartz
Plagioclase
7
Further cooling and the formation of felsic rocks
Granite
8
Eruption of felsic lava And the formation of
felsic Extrusive rocks
9
Bowens Reaction Series
K, Mg, Fe, Al, Si
SiO2, K, Al, Si
K, Mg, Fe, Al, Si
Na, Al, Ca, Si
Mg, Fe, Al, Si
Mg, Fe, Si
Ca, Al, Si
Mg, Fe
10
Mafic
Ultramafic
Felsic
Table 11-2