Taiwan: History

1
Taiwan History Politics
2
Ethnic Components

• Mainlanders 14
• Taiwanese 84
• Aborigines 2

3
Prehistory Early History

• Weak Heritage of China
• Taiwan as a mosquito ridden tropical disease
  wasteland
  
• By 13th Century Chinese Immigration

4
Western and Chinese Rule

• 1517 Portuguese Ilha Formosa (beautiful island)
  
  
• 1622 Dutch arrival and became the Dutch colony
• 1661 Rebellion against Dutch by Cheng
  Cheng-kung
  
• 1683-1895 Under Qing Rule
• 1884 Qing made Taiwan a province, Governor Liu
  Ming-chuan

5
Part of the Japanese Empire

• Sino-Japanese War 1894
• Treaty of Shimonoseki 1895
• Qings did not help resistance
• Japanese rule developmental yet discriminatory

6
Economic Developmentunder the Japanese Rule

• Agricultural Productivity
• Economic Infrastructure
• Improved Hygiene
• Education
• 1930s Heavy industrial development

7
Negative Factors

• Japanese language was forced
• No-social science education
• No self-rule or democracy

8
World War II

• Most supported Japanese Rule
• Assimilation Kominka (Emperors
  Citizen-ization)
  
• Small trial of democracy to elicit local
  cooperation
  
• Many Taiwanese volunteered for military service

9
Continues

• US avoided Taiwan attack due to the Chinese
  population
  
• Chiang Kai-shek requested Taiwan to be
  incorporated to China
  
• Generally welcomed Taiwan under China

10
Part of China Again

• Island was under military rule
• Taiwanese were thought as traitors
• Economic, health, social ordered deteriorated
• China seen as backward by the Taiwanese

11
Feb. 28, 1947

• Taiwanese woman was killed by KMT police
• Taiwanese attacked mainlanders
• KMT troops attacked Taiwanese 20,000 killed
• KMT tried to erase this incident

12
The Republic of China

• 1949 CKS and other 1.5 million fled to Taiwan
• Aggravated relations mainlanders and Taiwanese
• Mao initially did not show interest in Taiwan
• 1950 tried to attack Taiwan US defended

13
CKS changed the KMT drastically

• Hope to regain mainland disappeared
• Land Reform big success
• 1954, 1958 Taiwans island was attacked by PRC
• No Taiwanese participation in national politics

14
Standing on Its Own

• 1964 US Aid Stopped.
• Taiwan showed significant economic growth
• 1954 US Taiwan mutual security treaty
• 1971 US China relation improved
• 1975 Chiang Kai-Shek died
• 1976 Mao Zedong died

15
Chiang Ching-kuo

• 1978 CKSs son became the President (Yen
  Chia-kans temporary)
  
• Democratization took place international image
  economic development
  
• 1979 Carter formally established relation with
  China
  
• April US Congress ratified Taiwan Relations Act
• Deng declared not to renounce the use of military
  power to take over Taiwan

16
1980 National Election (First national
democratic)

• CCK picked up Lee Teng-hui as VP (Taiwanese)
• 1986 DPP (Democratic Progressive Party) and KMT
  competed
  
• July 1987 abolished Martial Law

17
Taiwan under Lee Teng-hui

• 1988 CCK died
• Lee became powerful controlling old guard of
  KMT
  
• 1990 elected as President (indirect)
• 1992 Decided President and VP would be directly
  elected

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Under Lee Teng-hui (2)

• 1993 China and Taiwan entered negotiation to
  normalize the relations
  
• 1993 non-mainstream New Chinese Party ( the New
  Party)
  
• 1994 James Soong KMT became the governor of
  Taiwan Province

19
Lee as a Pro-Independent Leader

• 1995 Lees visit of Cornell
• 1996 China missile test at Taiwan Strait
• 1996 Clinton dispatched two aircraft careers
• National Development Conference James Soong
  left KMT
  
• UKs transfer of Hong Kong to China in 1997
  Taiwan next??

20
Continuing War against CCP?

• Temporary Provisions Effective During the Period
  of National Mobilization for Suppression of the
  Communist Rebellion (1948) or Temporary
  Provisions
• Prohibition of new party formation
• Nullification of two-term limit of presidency
• Continued until 1987

21
The end of War with CCP and democratization

• Elder Parliamentarians Issue 1991 ended their
  representation
  
• 1994 Amendments President VP elected directly in
  1996

22
Taiwan Politics after Lee Teng-hui

• 2000 Presidential Election
• Chen Shui-Bian (DPP) 39.3
• James Soon (Ind.) 36.84
• Lien Chan (KMT) 23.1
• Chen Shui-Bian won 1st Opposition President

23
Reorganization

• 2001 National Election-toward Independence?
• DPP gained
• KMT loss
• James Soong-People First Party (PFP)
• Lee Teng-hui-Taiwan Solidarity Union (TSU)

24
Current Legislature